Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. Definition. Diagnostic Criteria

Захарова, И. Н.; Малявская, С. И.; Творогова, Т. М.; Василева, Стелиана; Дмитриева, Ю. А.; Пшеничникова, И. И.

doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2016-16-103-109

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The effects of vitamin D on the immune system are multiple and versatile (39). The impact of vitamin D on different elements of immune-mediated inflammation is presented in Figure 3 (39–42).…”

Section: Adipose Tissue and Its Effects On Adipose Tissue Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of vitamin D on inflammation in obesity is made up of the following components: In vitro , 1,25(OH)2D inhibits chronic inflammation resulting from obesity, the active metabolite of vitamin D 1,25 (OH) 2D inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 (39–42, 44, 61), reduces inflammatory activity in adipocytes (62) and reduces inflammation in visceral adipose tissue, while not reducing in subcutaneous fat tissue (62, 63). In obese people a reduced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and it is closely associated with adipose tissue inflammation.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Vitamin D In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D Insufficiency in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents

et al. 2019

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Excessive body weight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are becoming more and more important unfavorable factors that entail extremely adverse consequences and require close attention of physicians of any specialty. Along with the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in pediatric patients, children and adolescents in the majority of countries are diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency. Among the non-calcaemic effects of vitamin D, a significant role is played by its impact on the hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism and the synthesis of adipokines by fat tissue. The review presents literature data indicative of a close pathogenic relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and impaired tissue insulin sensitivity. It demonstrates the role of vitamin D insufficiency in immune reactions resulting in development of subclinical inflammation in fat tissue infiltrated with macrophages and lymphocytes. It also shows the role of adipokines, immune system cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by them in the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as the function of vitamin D as an endocrine and paracrine regulator of the process of inflammation in adipose tissue. The relationships between the principal adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) are revealed in the presence of normal vitamin D content and in vitamin D deficiency. The carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters in overweight children and adolescents with vitamin D insufficiency are analyzed. A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents (increasing along with the severity of obesity) is demonstrated. The review also presents the current recommendations for the correction of vitamin D insufficiency and underlines the need for higher cholecalciferol doses to achieve serum calcifediol targets in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

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Section: Adipose Tissue and Its Effects On Adipose Tissue Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Vitamin D In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Insufficiency in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents

et al. 2019

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Features of chronic hepatitis C in a patient with metabolic syndrome (clinical case)

Koklyushkina,

Bokhonov,

Sitnikov

et al. 2024

Det. infekc.

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Metabolic syndrome: risks in youth sports

Pavlova

Klyuchnikov

Тарасова

et al. 2023

MES

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Metabolic syndrome is one of the pre-nosological conditions that implies strain on several systems of the body and disruption of all types of metabolism. The key components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, peripheral tissue insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There is a number of diseases associated with the syndrome, which makes diagnosing its preclinical manifestations important. Overweight and obesity only continue spreading; moreover, these conditions are registered in people of increasingly younger age. Metabolic syndrome in childhood increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Top tier athletes are no exception. Some sports and playing roles promote body weight growth. A young athlete may have specific constitutional features, and, without proper control, motivating such athletes to grow muscles means they also grow fat. The recommendation is to pay special attention to children under the age of 11 that play rugby, American football as line men, in heavy weight categories. Application of the latest diagnostic criteria with their actualization on a regular basis, as well as search for additional markers and parameters identifiable in laboratory settings, would ensure adjustment of the athlete's condition in a timely manner.

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Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. Definition. Diagnostic Criteria

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Vitamin D Insufficiency in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents

Vitamin D Insufficiency in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents

Features of chronic hepatitis C in a patient with metabolic syndrome (clinical case)

Metabolic syndrome: risks in youth sports

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