Metabolic syndrome is one of the pre-nosological conditions that implies strain on several systems of the body and disruption of all types of metabolism. The key components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, peripheral tissue insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There is a number of diseases associated with the syndrome, which makes diagnosing its preclinical manifestations important. Overweight and obesity only continue spreading; moreover, these conditions are registered in people of increasingly younger age. Metabolic syndrome in childhood increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Top tier athletes are no exception. Some sports and playing roles promote body weight growth. A young athlete may have specific constitutional features, and, without proper control, motivating such athletes to grow muscles means they also grow fat. The recommendation is to pay special attention to children under the age of 11 that play rugby, American football as line men, in heavy weight categories. Application of the latest diagnostic criteria with their actualization on a regular basis, as well as search for additional markers and parameters identifiable in laboratory settings, would ensure adjustment of the athlete's condition in a timely manner.
Comprehensive medical examination (CMO) of athletes allows timely detection of different diseases and formation of risk groups. To increase the accuracy of CMO in young athletes, it is necessary to calculate reference intervals (RIs) for blood parameters considering sex, age, and sports specialization. Objective. To calculate RIs for blood parameters of young athletes under 18 years of age using the results of CMO collected for many years. Materials and methods. We analyzed 4,568 results of blood tests of athletes aged 14 to 18 years (2,385 boys and 2,183 girls) obtained within CMO of members of Russian national sports teams in 2015–2019. This study was conducted in the Federal Research and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation. Twenty-two blood parameters were evaluated. Athletes not admitted to training, with an unsatisfactory state of health, or with a history of diseases affecting the metabolic profile of the body were excluded from the analysis. At the first stage, we calculated RIs for blood parameters in athletes with the consideration of sex and age (age groups: 14–15 years and 16–17 years). At the second stage, we compared calculated RIs for blood parameters with RIs used in CMO of athletes in healthcare institutions of Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia. Conclusion. The analysis of calculated RIs for blood parameters in athletes demonstrated their significant and multidirectional differences from the reference ranges used in the practice of sports medicine. Key words: biochemical markers, metabolism, reference intervals, professional sport, comprehensive medical examination, juniors
We studied disorders in ciliary body microcirculation in experimental chronic glomerulonephritis with tubulointerstitial nephritis and evaluated the hemodynamic effects of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field in this pathology. Laser Doppler flowmetry demonstrated vasospasm with reduced nutrient blood fl ow in the ciliary body of animals with experimental chronic glomerulonephritis with tubulointerstitial nephritis. The exposure to low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field using developed technology will lead to significant reduction of the vascular tone and improve arterial blood supply to the microcirculatory bed.
Reference ranges of blood parameters adapted for young athletes are necessary for proper assessment and timely detection of deviations in the state of health.Purpose. A comparative analysis of the reference ranges of some biochemical blood parameters calculated on a sample of thousands of athletes under 18 years old, members of Russian national teams, versus similar indices of children not engaged in sports obtained in the framework of projects carried out in Canada and in Scandinavian countries.Results. Differences in the width of reference ranges, their minimum and maximum values between the compared groups for several indicators of protein and lipid metabolism, cortisol and testosterone aredescribed. The authors discuss the expediency of further development of reference ranges of blood parameters, which consider sex, age of athletes, and specifics of sports.Conclusion. The specified data on reference ranges of blood indices are necessary for clearer differentiation and objective evaluation of adaptational transformations arising against the background of physical loads, as well astimely detection of pathological deviations in the functional state of juvenile athletes’ organism and prognosis of their further development.
While for adult athletes, increasing blood pressure is one of the main reasons for withdrawing from sports for medical reasons, for children this issue is only being studied. Prevalence, risk factors for arterial hypertension and target organ involvement in young (under 18 years old) athletes’ population of different sports specialization and skill levels have not yet been determined.The purpose of this work was an attempt to determine the arterial hypertension prevalence depending on sports affiliation among highly trained young athletes. It was determined that in athletes the blood pressure’s level, as well as some markers of hidden hypertension, vary significantly (0–23%) depending on diagnostics method, sports specialization, and professional experience.
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