The anti-doping efforts on the part of medics should be constantly improved, which means the exploration and analysis of ways to increase the effectiveness of such efforts should be constant. SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is one of such ways. It investigates internal problems and resources of an organization and the influence of external factors. This study aimed to improve the anti-doping efforts based on the analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, taking into account external threats and directions of development. We have conducted an express SWOT analysis of anti-doping work in medical organizations of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia and compiled a simple matrix. The factors under consideration are internal, which can be controlled, and external, which are often uncontrollable but should be accounted for. We identified the most significant factors influencing organization of this line of work, compiled the SWOT matrix that allows assessing the possible resources for intensifying the anti-doping work, determined its strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities imposed by the environment in this activity takes place in. The express SWOT analysis enabled evaluation of the factors that have the greatest impact on the organization of anti-doping work. Informational and educational programs, including workshops for medics and monitoring of their level of knowledge, can be the key line of activity in the context of such efforts.
Objective: analysis of the effectiveness of combating doping in sports in the process of medical and biological support of athletes forming the national teams of the Russian Federation, and determining its ways.Materials and methods: based on the reports of anti-doping organizations for 2017–2022, sociological studies of the prevalence of doping in sports and therapeutic use structures, a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators reflecting the directions of various doping encounters was carried out.Results: a significant discrepancy was revealed between the assessment of the prevalence of anti-doping rule violations based on the results of sociological surveys and the results of laboratory anti-doping studies.A significant positive dynamic of approval of therapeutic use exemptions, which allowed doubling the share of positive decisions of anti-doping organizations is shown.The main directions of improving anti-doping work in the process of carrying out medical and biological support measures are determined.
To compile a personalized program for correcting the metabolism of a professional athlete, it is necessary to take into account many factors, including age, gender, sports specialization, individual characteristics, the pathologies in the anamnesis, the stage of the athlete’s training cycle, etc. When drawing up such programs for athletes of sports national teams of the Russian Federation, a scheme for assessing the characteristics of the athlete’s body is used, the basis for which is information obtained during in-depth medical examinations of athletes conducted on the basis of clinics of the FMBA Russia. To improve the quality of personalized programs of metabolic correction in the future, it is possible to use professionally oriented reference intervals of laboratory blood parameters, as well as the results of genetic screening based on the strategy of complete exomic sequencing of the athlete’s genome. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of metabolic correction of professional athletes is the introduction of modern information technologies and the development of a modern information system based on them. The introduction of such an information system will increase the speed of primary processing of initial information about the health status of the athlete and the peculiarities of his metabolic processes, as well as partially automate the formation of individualized recommendations regarding the diet and hydratation, and the choice of metabolic correction at various stages of the sports season.
Metabolic syndrome is one of the pre-nosological conditions that implies strain on several systems of the body and disruption of all types of metabolism. The key components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, peripheral tissue insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There is a number of diseases associated with the syndrome, which makes diagnosing its preclinical manifestations important. Overweight and obesity only continue spreading; moreover, these conditions are registered in people of increasingly younger age. Metabolic syndrome in childhood increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Top tier athletes are no exception. Some sports and playing roles promote body weight growth. A young athlete may have specific constitutional features, and, without proper control, motivating such athletes to grow muscles means they also grow fat. The recommendation is to pay special attention to children under the age of 11 that play rugby, American football as line men, in heavy weight categories. Application of the latest diagnostic criteria with their actualization on a regular basis, as well as search for additional markers and parameters identifiable in laboratory settings, would ensure adjustment of the athlete's condition in a timely manner.
Comprehensive medical examination (CMO) of athletes allows timely detection of different diseases and formation of risk groups. To increase the accuracy of CMO in young athletes, it is necessary to calculate reference intervals (RIs) for blood parameters considering sex, age, and sports specialization. Objective. To calculate RIs for blood parameters of young athletes under 18 years of age using the results of CMO collected for many years. Materials and methods. We analyzed 4,568 results of blood tests of athletes aged 14 to 18 years (2,385 boys and 2,183 girls) obtained within CMO of members of Russian national sports teams in 2015–2019. This study was conducted in the Federal Research and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation. Twenty-two blood parameters were evaluated. Athletes not admitted to training, with an unsatisfactory state of health, or with a history of diseases affecting the metabolic profile of the body were excluded from the analysis. At the first stage, we calculated RIs for blood parameters in athletes with the consideration of sex and age (age groups: 14–15 years and 16–17 years). At the second stage, we compared calculated RIs for blood parameters with RIs used in CMO of athletes in healthcare institutions of Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia. Conclusion. The analysis of calculated RIs for blood parameters in athletes demonstrated their significant and multidirectional differences from the reference ranges used in the practice of sports medicine. Key words: biochemical markers, metabolism, reference intervals, professional sport, comprehensive medical examination, juniors
Objective: the main topics of the doctors’ questions were the preparation of medical documents for a TUE application, the determination of the antidoping status of various substances and methods, as well as the use of dietary supplements in sports.Materials and methods: an analysis was carried out of more than 400 appeals of doctors providing medical assistance to athletes of various levels on the issues of countering doping in sports. The aim of the work was to identify ways to improve educational and informational activities aimed at improving the quality of medical documents for TUE applications.Results: the need for continuous work to improve the level of doctors’ knowledge in countering doping in sports was confirmed, including clarification of the procedure for using documents from antidoping organizations, the need to use TUE guidelines for physicians and the specifics of prescribing substances prohibited only during the competitive period.
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