Menyoal Praktik Kebijakan Reforma Agraria di Kawasan Hutan

Abstract

The Agrarian Reform (RA) policy, especially land redistribution from the release forest areas, is considered slow. This was caused by several problems in the field, namely: leadership, institutions, regulations, and RA subjects-objects. Effective strategies to implement RA at central and regional levels has not been found, particularly on leadership and coordination between sectors at site level. This study is presented in the form of a policy forum by closely reviewing findings and solutions to RA practices in forest areas. Analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative data were carried out to draw conclusions on real practices of RA at site level in the last three years. At macro level, the authors' findings confirm that the practice of RA experiences a fairly systematic problem due to the weakness of key actors controlling the implementation of RA, the ineffectiveness of the established institutions, and different interpretations of regulations impacted on the differences in understanding RA objects in the field. These findings emphasized that, resoundingly, strategic program of RA has not yet become a common agenda to be implemented in the framework of creating justice and welfare for the entitled people. Keyword: Agrarian reform policy, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, release of forest area Abstrak: Kebijakan Reforma Agraria (RA) khususnya redistribusi tanah dari objek pelepasan kawasan hutan dianggap lambat. Pelambatan tersebut disebabkan karena beberapa problem di lapangan, yakni: kepemimpinan, kelembagaan, regulasi, dan objek-subjek RA. Sampai saat ini, belum ditemukan cara yang efektif untuk menjalankan tata kelola RA di level pusat dan daerah, khususnya kepemimpinan dan koordinasi antarsektor di level tapak. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk memetakan problem dan menawarkan solusi dengan basis observasi dan studi di lapangan selama tiga tahun terakhir (2018-2020). Studi ini disajikan dalam bentuk policy forum dengan me-review secara padat temuan-temuan dan solusi atas praktik RA di kawasan hutan. Analisis, reduksi, dan tafsir atas data-data kualitatif dilakukan untuk menarik kesimpulan, bagaimana sesungguhnya praktik RA di level tapak dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Secara makro, temuan penulis mengkonfirmasi bahwa praktik RA mengalami problem yang cukup sistematis akibat lemahnya aktor-aktor kunci pemegang kendali RA, tidak efektifnya kelembagaan yang dibentuk, dan perbedaan tafsir atas regulasi yang berdampak pada perbedaan pemahaman atas objek RA di lapangan. Berbekal temuan tersebut, secara meyakinkan program strategis RA belum menjadi agenda bersama untuk dijalankan dalam kerangka menciptakan keadilan dan kesejahteraan untuk masyarakat yang berhak. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan RA, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan

Implementasi Reforma Agraria Pada Era Pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo

“…Penelitian terkait dengan reforma agraria fokus pada kawasan hutan dikaji dengan berbagai perspektif (Ekawati at al., 2019;Manik at al., 2021;Khanifa at al., 2021;Dempo at al., 2021;Junarto & Djurdjani 2020;Kurniawati et al, 2019;Salim et al, 2021). Penelitian terkait reforma pada tanah ulayat masyarakat hukum adat (Wardhana, 2020;Wahyuni, 2021;Ihsan & Salim, 2022;Chandra, 2022;).…”

“…ada. Peran dan sinergitas (khususnya) antara Kementerian ATR/BPN dan Kementerian LHK menjadi penting dalam mewujudkan program reforma agraria(Nurlinda, 2018).Sedangkan menurutSalim et al (2021) tanah objek reforma agraria yang berasal dari kawasan hutan memiliki tingkat kesulitannya sendiri, Selain sulit untuk berkoordinasi antar kementerian dan sektor yang terlibat dalam program reforma agraria, pelepasan kawasan hutan belum memiliki peraturan turunan dari Perpres Nomor 86 Tahun 2018.Beberapa masalah TORA dari pelepasan kawasan hutan antara lain sebagai berikut: 1). Baru sebagian pelepasan kawasan hutan dari adendum IUPHHK yang ditindaklanjuti dengan SK Penetapan/Perubahan; 2).…”

Legalization of Land and Peatland Policy in Riau

“…These two conflicting programs have become a problem because it hampers the pace of mapping for the legalization of community lands in the field, especially in Riau and Kalimantan, which have the most extensive peatlands (Salim, 2017). So far, it has become common knowledge that the opening of new land for oil palm plantations with the burning technique has triggered forest and pea tland fires (Pasai, 2020), and land burning causes significant losses for all parties, including the KLHK (Kusmajaya et al, 2019;Purwanto & Sulistyastuti, 2012;Salim et al, 2018;Yunianto, 2021).…”

“…7099/MENLHK-PKTL/IPSDH/PLA.1/8/2019 on the Indicative Map of New License Termination (PIPPIB). This policy is a form of government firm action to control the change and utilization of organic material-rich forests and peatlands to reduce the potential of forest and land fires yearly (Geyasra et al, 2020;Salim et al, 2018). However, the map used as a policy for mapping peatlands is considered low in quality, not meticulous, and inconsistent, so it causes losses to community lands that have become residential land and a livelihood (Zulkarnain, 2016).…”

“…6 of 2013 and Presidential Instruction No. 8 of 2015, the government tried to improve the governance of primary natural forests and peatlands (Salim et al, 2021). However, the inconsistencies in determining peat and primary natural forest locations disrupted the community's economic activities and land legalization.…”