The Agrarian Reform (RA) policy, especially land redistribution from the release forest areas, is considered slow. This was caused by several problems in the field, namely: leadership, institutions, regulations, and RA subjects-objects. Effective strategies to implement RA at central and regional levels has not been found, particularly on leadership and coordination between sectors at site level. This study is presented in the form of a policy forum by closely reviewing findings and solutions to RA practices in forest areas. Analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative data were carried out to draw conclusions on real practices of RA at site level in the last three years. At macro level, the authors' findings confirm that the practice of RA experiences a fairly systematic problem due to the weakness of key actors controlling the implementation of RA, the ineffectiveness of the established institutions, and different interpretations of regulations impacted on the differences in understanding RA objects in the field. These findings emphasized that, resoundingly, strategic program of RA has not yet become a common agenda to be implemented in the framework of creating justice and welfare for the entitled people. Keyword: Agrarian reform policy, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, release of forest area     Abstrak: Kebijakan Reforma Agraria (RA) khususnya redistribusi tanah dari objek pelepasan kawasan hutan dianggap lambat. Pelambatan tersebut disebabkan karena beberapa problem di lapangan, yakni: kepemimpinan, kelembagaan, regulasi, dan objek-subjek RA. Sampai saat ini, belum ditemukan cara yang efektif untuk menjalankan tata kelola RA di level pusat dan daerah, khususnya kepemimpinan dan koordinasi antarsektor di level tapak. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk memetakan problem dan menawarkan solusi dengan basis observasi dan studi di lapangan selama tiga tahun terakhir (2018-2020). Studi ini disajikan dalam bentuk policy forum dengan me-review secara padat temuan-temuan dan solusi atas praktik RA di kawasan hutan. Analisis, reduksi, dan tafsir atas data-data kualitatif dilakukan untuk menarik kesimpulan, bagaimana sesungguhnya praktik RA di level tapak dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Secara makro, temuan penulis mengkonfirmasi bahwa praktik RA mengalami problem yang cukup sistematis akibat lemahnya aktor-aktor kunci pemegang kendali RA, tidak efektifnya kelembagaan yang dibentuk, dan perbedaan tafsir atas regulasi yang berdampak pada perbedaan pemahaman atas objek RA di lapangan. Berbekal temuan tersebut, secara meyakinkan program strategis RA belum menjadi agenda bersama untuk dijalankan dalam kerangka menciptakan keadilan dan kesejahteraan untuk masyarakat yang berhak. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan RA, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan

Knowing the successful development process of a region is important to make a benchmark to build a prosperous, advanced and independent society. The existence of the COVID19 virus pandemic situation requires adjustments to all aspects of life, including the existence of culturally independent villages. This study aims to study the innovations of Bejiharjo Village as an adaptation measure and survive the pandemic. This study uses a mix method with a triangulation approach to capture the wealth of rural areas and to describe community creativity in village development. The results showed that from a total of 20 hamlets in one village, they were unique in the form of tourism, creativity-arts, crafts/crafts and culinary arts. There are three hamlets that innovate through ecotourism and edu-tourism, two hamlets that are creative in the field of classical and modern art aesthetics, five hamlets that rely on local culinary arts with raw materials around the environment, 10 other hamlets by making traditions exist. Ecotourism and eco-creation that are based on local capabilities are an alternative to development and contribution to rural economic value. Local wisdom and the use of resources around the environment become the community's collective basis for sustainable village business management. This research crystallizes the steps in responding to the pandemic, namely mapping the potential and activities down to the village level, strengthening the ecotourism and eco-creative sectors, and increasing inclusive community participation. Abstrak Mengetahui keberhasilan atau hambatan dalam proses pembangunan perdesaan adalah penting untuk menjadikannya tolak ukur mewujudkan masyarakat yang sejahtera dan mandiri. Pemberlakuan berbagai kebijakan akibat situasi pandemi COVID-19 meniscayakan masyarakat kehilangan pekerjaan, menderita kemiskinan, kegiatan ekonomi mengalami kontraksi, bahkan berhenti produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari strategi-inovasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Bejiharjo terhadap basis ekonominya sebagai langkah penanggulangan kemiskinan atau pun pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan mix method dengan pendekatan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekowisata dan eko-kreatif yang berpijak pada kemampuan lokal mampu memenuhi kebutuhan mendasar masyarakat, yaitu: pangan, papan, dan sandang. Sektor pertanian menjadi basis ekonomi masyarakat desa untuk bertahan dari pandemi, seiring menurunnya pendapatan mereka karena terhentinya kegiatan industri wisata atau pun jasa. Kearifan lokal dan pemanfaatan sumber daya di sekitar lingkungan menjadi basis kolektif masyarakat desa untuk pemulihan dan keberlanjutan pengelolaan usaha desa. Penelitian ini menekankan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui kegiatan yang produktif terhadap sumber daya alam dan buatan mampu meningkatkan pendapatan, menjalankan roda perekonomian dan menciptakan kemandirian desa.

One of the objects of Agrarian Reform in West Sumatra is the Ulayat Land. The practice is carried out by changing the status of Ulayat Land to state land through the mechanism of release by Niniak Mamak. Ulayat Land is a plot of heritage land and its natural resources obtained from generations as regulated by local governments both in designation and utilization. This study aims to explain why Ulayat Land is used as a Land Object of Agrarian Reform (TORA) in West Sumatra and why the mechanism of giving is individually and not collectively. With qualitative methods, this study analyzes the process and mechanism of assigning TORA Objects sourced from Ulayat Land to their redistribution. This study found that the determination of Ulayat Land to be state land which was then distributed to the Domo Tribe as one of the solutions offered by the Dharmasraya Regency Land Office and approved by the Nagari Customary Density (KAN). This policy is considered the best solution to save the Ulayat Land of the Domo Tribe, West Sumatra. The author concludes, to keep Ulayat Land maintained, the redistribution mechanism can be used to save Ulayat Land because all control is still under indigenous institutions (KAN). Even de jure, these lands have been redistributed to members of indigenous communities.

Semarang Regency Land Office implemented community empowerment after asset legalization activities in 2009 in Sumogawe Village, namely by providing access to reforms aimed at increasing the potential of community businesses in Sumogawe Village to improve welfare. The purpose of this research is to find out the form of participation of the Semarang Regency Land Office, and the level of welfare after community empowerment in Sumogawe Village. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, that is by describing as clearly as possible the implementation of community empowerment as an effort to improve the welfare of post-adjudication activities. Data is collected through observation, study of document, and interviews with people of the community. The results of this research are 1) the form of community empowerment in Sumogawe Village after the adjudication activity by providing access to capital to develop the dairy cattle dairy business, 2) the role of Semarang Regency Land Office, by mass land treaties, assisting access to business capital from banks, counseling and mentoring of dairy cattle businesses, and marketing of dairy cow products, 3) The enhancement welfare of Sumogawe Village community is marked by the increase of people's income from the business sector of dairy cow milk.Keyword: community welfare, community empowerment, agrarian reform, access reform. Intisari: Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Semarang melaksanakan pemberdayaan masyarakat pasca kegiatan legalisasi aset tahun 2009 di Desa Sumogawe yaitu dengan memberikan akses reform yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi usaha masyarakat yang ada di Desa Sumogawe sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk peran serta Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Semarang, serta tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat pasca kegiatan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Sumogawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu dengan menggambarkan sejelas-jelasnya pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat sebagai upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan pasca kegiatan ajudikasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, studi dokumen, dan wawancara dengan narasumber. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu 1) bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat yang ada di Desa Sumogawe pasca kegiatan ajudikasi yaitu dengan memberikan akses modal untuk mengembangkan usaha ternak susu sapi perah, 2) peran Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Semarang yaitu dengan pensertipikatan tanah massal, membantu akses modal usaha dari perbankan, penyuluhan dan pendampingan usaha ternak susu sapi perah, dan pemasaran produk olahan susu sapi perah, 3) meningkatnya kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Sumogawe yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat dari sektor usaha susu sapi perah.Kata Kunci: kesejahteraan masyarakat, pemberdayaan masyarakat, reforma agraria, akses reform.

Since the Dutch colonial era, Bangka Belitung Province has been a rich province due to its abundanttin mining resources. However, the limitation of tin availability and the extraordinary environmental degradation caused by mining has changed people’s lives. This study aims to determine the level of land ownership inequality and the factors that influence such inequality. In addition, this study also describes the transformation causes of the livelihoods of the majority of the population in Bangka. This research was conducted through descriptive quantitative analysis, and the data was obtained through a survey of 140 head of households whowork as farmers or work as a farm labourers in Bangka and West Bangka. Analysisof land ownership inequality is done through the Gini index ratio measured using the Lorenz curve. The results of a study conducted on 140 respondents in Bangka and Bangka Barat show that the level of land ownership inequality reaches 0.45. Several things have an effect on the level of inequality. First, most of Bangka regions, almost 3/4 the areas have mining permits. Second, there has been a large-scale expansion of oil palm plantations and a lot of Cultivation Rights Permits/HGU. Third, most of the areas outside the mining and the cultivation rights permits are forest areas. The results of the study also show that the majority of the community shifted from miners to farmers due to limited tin sources and low tin prices. The high level of inequality in land ownership and the shifting of community’s main jobs can certainly affect the economic growth which is getting weaker and widening the inequality.