Memory Transfer

Byrne, William L.; Samuel, David; Bennett, Edward L.; Rosenzweig, Mark R.; Wasserman, Estelle; Wagner, Allan R.; Gardner, Frank T.; Galambos, Róbert; Berger, Barry D.; Margules, D. L.; Fenichel, Richard L.; Stein, Larry; Corson, John A.; Enesco, Hildegard E.; Chorover, Stephan L.; Holt, Charles E.; Schiller, Peter H.; Chiappetta, Lawrence; Jarvik, Murray E.; Leaf, Russell C.; Dutcher, James D; Horovitz, Zola P.; Carlson, Peter L.

doi:10.1126/science.153.3736.658

Cited by 76 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Spectacular reports in high-profile journals of success in transferring memory between animals by injections of RNA or protein extracted from the brains of trained animals into naive animals buoyed the belief in a molecular memory trace (Babich and others 1965; Rosenblatt and others 1966; Ungar and Oceguera-Navarro 1965; Reiniš and Koloušek 1968). These studies were subsequently discredited (Luttges and others 1966; Byrne and others 1966), but the dispute continued into the 1970s with positive results reported in leading journals (Golub and others 1970). …”

Section: Search For the Engram: A Brief Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Learning: The Search for a Memory Trace

Fields

2011

Neuroscientist

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Learning is associated with structural changes in the human brain that can be seen and studied by MRI. These changes are observed in gray matter and surprisingly also in white matter tissue. Learning a wide range of skills, from sports, computer games, music, and reading, to abstract intellectual learning, including classroom study, is associated with structural changes in appropriate cortical regions or fiber tracts. The cellular changes underlying modifications of brain tissue during learning include changes in neuronal and glial morphology as well as vascular changes. Both alterations in axon morphology and myelination are thought to contribute to white matter plasticity during learning but to varying degrees depending on age. Structural changes in white matter could promote learning by improving the speed or synchrony of impulse transmission between cortical regions mediating the behavior. Action potentials can stimulate oligodendrocyte development and myelination by at least three known mechanisms that involve signaling molecules between axons and oligodendrocytes, which do not require neurotransmitter release from synapses. Integrating information from cellular/molecular and systems-level research on normal cognitive function, development, and learning is providing new insights into the biological mechanisms of learning and the structural changes produced in the brain.

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Section: Search For the Engram: A Brief Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Learning: The Search for a Memory Trace

Fields

2011

Neuroscientist

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“…Experiments over the past four years have implicated RNA in learning and memory, although contradictory results have appeared (see Gaito, 1966;Byrne et al, 1966). Glasky & Simon (1966) reported that magnesium pemOline, a mild central nervous system stimulant, augments brain RNA polymerase, which is presumed to facilitate endogenous RNA production.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disruption of passive avoidance learning by magnesium pemoline

et al. 1967

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“…Representative of the views of the dissenters is a letter to Science signed by twenty-three scientists who, in seven different laboratories, had been unable to confirm any ofthe claims for "transfer oflearning by injection of brain-extract from trained donors" [38]. Their implicit acceptance of the prevailing views of memory and learning is illustrated in their concluding sentence: "Furthermore, we feel that it would be unfortunate if these negative findings were to be taken as a signal for abandoning the pursuit of a result ofenormous potential significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology without Consciousness—and Its Consequences

Efron¹

1967

pbm

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Memory Transfer

Cited by 76 publications

References 12 publications

Imaging Learning: The Search for a Memory Trace

Imaging Learning: The Search for a Memory Trace

Disruption of passive avoidance learning by magnesium pemoline

Biology without Consciousness—and Its Consequences

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