“…However, our study indicates that this species does not occur in the country. Rather, H. sucuuba has a complex and often misinterpreted taxonomic history with many studies in the field of ethnobotany (e.g., Bourdy et al 2000, Shanley et al 2011, Odonne et al 2013, leaf anatomy (Larrosa & Duarte 2005), morphology (Amaro et al 2006), biochemistry (e.g., Perdue & Blomster 1978, Endo et al 1994, Miranda et al 2000, Wood et al 2001, Silva et al 2007, 2010, and ecology (e.g., Spichiger et al 1990, 2009 reporting its presence in Peru. However, Spina (2004) and Spina et al (2013) treated H. sucuuba as a synonym of Himatanthus articulatus, which is a species that does not occur in Peru.…”