Media and quoting

Abstract

Direct quoting is a distinctive and essential phenomenon in the media. Albeit, how it materializes varies according to the medium in which it occurs. In television and radio, the statements drawn from interviews are embedded as sound bites into a media item, whereas in print publications selected quotes-to-be are rendered as quotations. The Internet has allowed for the transgression of this traditional dichotomy, since written items can be published there without concrete printing-and mixed and blended with audio and audiovisual items without traditional broadcasting. With the emergence of Internet 2.0 and, mainly, social media, the concept of quoting has further evolved. With social media platforms, it is easy to share links to media items published all over the web. Posting links can be considered a (new) kind of quoting in itself because a) some links quote extracts from source text, and b) following the link results in a full quotation of the source text in a new browser window-which then must be processed in the context of the text containing the link. Furthermore, these links are often accompanied by extensions such as comments on and quotes from the linked text. Based on these different dimensions of intertextuality, we define quote and related key terms in the next section of this chapter. In Section 3, we outline the main scholarly perspectives on quoting. Taking clues from journalism, in Section 4, we present the current state of the research explaining the structure of quotes (4.1), the functions of quotes (4.2), and the process of quoting (4.3). In Section 5, we focus on critical issues involved in the investigation of quotes and quoting, and in Section 6, we outline future directions of research by foregrounding the phenomenon of socio-quoting. We conclude by briefly characterising quotes and quoting overall in Section 7. 2 DEFINITIONS The term media is seen by many scholars as a generic term used to identify the technical means (such as print, radio, television, or the Internet) by which semiotic entities are communicated to others (see Ehrensperger, Perrin & Zampa, this volume, Chapter IV.4). In light of this characterization, the concept of intertextuality becomes fundamental: In journalistic media, and especially in modern days, the role of intertextuality is emphasized, since such media tell us as much about what someone has said has happened as about what has actually happened (Bell 1991: 52-53; Nylund 2009: 7). In this chapter, we focus on a distinctive type of intertextuality called direct quotes (hereafter referred to simply as quotes), which includes both written quotes and (spoken) sound bite quotes. Quotes are generally easily identifiable by their formal markings. The most unequivocal way to identify a quote in a media environment is in the written media where quotes are distinguished from the surrounding

Reporting quotable yet untranslatable speech

“…The increased focus on research highlighting the translation process in news translation introduced above is highly relevant to this article. The most recent studies directly connected to this one are works by Haapanen and Perrin on quoting practices by the media (Haapanen & Perrin, 2017) and on translingual quoting (Haapanen & Perrin, 2019).…”

“…In general, direct quotes are considered to be both impactful and useful for news reporting. According to Haapanen & Perrin (2017), direct quotes mainly serve two functions: to attract audiences and to bolster credibility. Bell (1991) similarly describes the ability of direct quotes to add flavor and to present a "particularly incontrovertible fact, " but additionally describes their ability to "distance and disown" and free the reporter from taking responsibility, especially in cases where politically or grammatically incorrect phrases were uttered (pp.…”

“…This obstacle can be largely overcome by focusing on direct quotes in news articles. Direct quotes in print media are identifiable owing to visual cues such as quotation marks (Haapanen & Perrin, 2017;Matsushita, 2019). Especially in newspaper reporting, the TTs (direct quotes in the news texts) and their corresponding STs (e.g., speeches and comments by politicians) are easily trackable due to their daily news cycle.…”

Teaching Academic Integrity in Quebec Universities: Roles Professors Adopt

“…Writing is an intellectually demanding activity (Fleuret and Montésinos-Gelet, 2012), and is today more complex than ever with the omnipresent possibility of copying and pasting now acknowledged to be a spontaneous habit of students (Rinck and Mansour, 2014) as well as for most writers. Haapanen and Perrin (2017) break down writing from sources into three subprocesses: decontextualization, contextualization, and textualization. In the first subprocess, students find information and remove it from its original context.…”

Monologisation as a Quoting Practice

“…Journalistic interviews are a common means for journalists to gather raw material for their articles (for example, see Ekström 2001), which frequently utilise direct quotations drawn from these interviews (see Ekström 2006;Haapanen & Perrin forthcoming 2017). In this paper, I will examine the quoting process that begins with an oral interview and results in the finalised, published article with one or more direct quotations.…”