Measurement of flame temperature and soot amount for effective NO_x and PM reduction in a heavy duty diesel engine

Abstract

To reduce exhaust NOx and smoke, it is important to measure flame temperature and soot amount in combustion chamber. In diesel combustion it is effective to use the two-color method for the measurement of the flame temperature and KL factor, which is related with soot concentration. The diesel flame was directly and continuously observed from the combustion chamber at running engine condition by using a bore scope and a high-speed video camera. The experimental single cylinder engine has 2.0-liter displacement and has the ability with up to five times of the boost pressure than the naturally aspirated engine by external super-charger. The devices of High Boost, Wide Range and High EGR rate at keeping a relatively high excess air ratio were installed in this research engine in order to reduce exhaust NOx emission without smoke deterioration from diesel engines. The video camera nac GX-1 was used in this study. From observed data under the changing EGR rates, the flame temperature and KL factor were obtained by the software of two-color method analysis. The diesel combustion processes are understood well by analyzing high-speed movies of the diesel flame motion and its temperature. The NOx and smoke are mutually related to maximum flame temperature and also it is possible to reduce simultaneously both NOx and soot emissions by high EGR rate in a single cylinder diesel engine.

Impact of the use of comfort devices on the exhaust toxic compounds from a modern PC car with spark ignition engine

“…The use of comfort systems almost triples their content, and the use of the sport mode increases it even more. It should be emphasized, however, that the obtained results are much lower than the approval limits and allow for conclusions about the environmental performance of the engine, which was not always found in other studies by the authors [2,3]. Another analyzed index was the number of particles per kilometre (Fig.…”

“…The development and miniaturization of measuring equipment belonging to the PEMS group (Portable Emission Measurement System), which has been progressing in recent years, allows for more and more precise tests of the environmental performance of vehicles in real operating conditions. From the moment when the Euro 6c standard came into force in 2017, it became necessary to perform road measurements in the field of compliance control of PC class vehicles in operation [2,4]. It is currently the best method of researching the real impact of vehicle operation on the surrounding environment.…”

World-wide trends in powertrain system development in light of emissions legislation, fuels, lubricants, and test methods

“…Fortunately, some well-established methods are available which provide a great deal of information on combustion and pollution formation phenomena. By combining the powerful twocolour method with further optical measurements, insight can be gained into one of the fundamental disadvantages of the Diesel engine: the PM-NO x trade-off [36]. Aftertreatment notwithstanding, there is pressure to reduce engineout concentrations of these pollutants, but the difficulty of optimising such a classic trade-off relationship is well known.…”