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The paper focuses on the determination of fuel consumption (CO 2 emission) and exhaust emissions such as CO, HC, NO x , and PM in the process of timber extraction and transport. A complex assessment of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions was performed for the entire, fully mechanized supply chain including, tree felling, delimbing, and bucking with a harvester, timber extraction with a forwarder and transport with a truck. The performed investigations determined unit exhaust emissions (referred to 1 m 3 of timber) for the entire technological process and its individual stages. The investigations of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption were performed under actual conditions of typical forest operations and transport. State-of-the-art portable emissions measurement system equipment was used for the measurements. The fuel consumption was determined through the carbon balance method. The investigations were performed for the process of extraction and transport of pulpwood. The measurements were performed on location in the town of Bębnikąt near Poznań, in a pinewood forest, typical of this part of Europe. The analysis includes the transport of timber to the lumberyard on a distance of 31.4 km. The total fuel consumption for the entire mechanized supply chain was 2.10 dm 3 /m 3 . The total exhaust emissions, however, amounted to: CO-8.91 g/m 3 , HC-1.19 g/m 3 , NO x -45.32 g/m 3 , PM-4.04 g/m 3 .

The paper presents a general approach to modelling traffic organization within the network of national transport system and with taking into account environmental aspects. General description of the model and necessary data for modelling are presented. The exact mathematical formulation of constrains and criteria functions assessing quality of traffic organization and taking into account level of emission of harmful compounds of exhaust gases are provided. The assessment of traffic organization in transport network is made in aspect of programming transport system development in ecological terms. Particular attention was paid to technical and ecological features of infrastructure and means of transport. What is important, model uses emission indexes set in real traffic conditions. The example of multi-variant distribution of freight traffic into the transport network is provided. Example was prepared with regard to environmental factors in simulation modelling tool EMITRANSYS developed in PTV VISUM.

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Article citation info: (*) Tekst artykułu w polskiej wersji językowej dostępny w elektronicznym wydaniu kwartalnika na stronie www.ein.org.pl Merkisz J, ryMAniAk Ł. The assessment of vehicle exhaust emissions referred to CO 2 based on the investigations of city buses under actual conditions of operation.

The book series "Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic" (STTT) publishes current and historical insights and new developments in the fields of Transportation and Traffic research. The intent is to cover all the technical contents, applications, and multidisciplinary aspects of Transportation and Traffic, as well as the methodologies behind them. The objective of the book series is to publish monographs, handbooks, selected contributions from specialized conferences and workshops, and textbooks, rapidly and informally but with a high quality. The STTT book series is intended to cover both the state-of-the-art and recent developments, hence leading to deeper insight and understanding in Transportation and Traffic Engineering. The series provides valuable references for researchers, engineering practitioners, graduate students and communicates new findings to a large interdisciplinary audience.More information about this series at

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