Material flow analysis and integration of watersheds and drain systems: II. Integration and solution strategies with application to ammonium management in Bahr El-Baqar drain system

Synthesis of Eco-Industrial Parks Interacting with a Surrounding Watershed

“…Several research methods have incorporated material flow analysis (MFA) to incorporate the impact of water discharges on the surrounding. 40 −48 In spite of the valuable contributions made by the aforementioned methodologies for synthesizing and retrofitting interplant water networks, they have at least one of the following limitations: (1) Only a single eco-EIP has been considered. Because the industrial facilities may be clustered into several groups based on their proximity in a certain geographical location, the installation of multiple EIPs can offer superior results.…”

“…For improving the results obtained with the heuristic rules for synthesizing interplant water networks, mathematical programming approaches have also been reported, including targeting approaches, configurations that involve direct recycle networks, , including interceptors, − and involving retrofitting options, and also property-based constraints have been considered. , Furthermore, different flexibility options, − multiobjective optimization approaches, and fuzzy mathematical programming approaches − have been included, and these approaches have been applied to different industries. − In addition to the integration of water usage and discharge among several plants, it is important to track the impact of these discharges on the surrounding environment. Several research methods have incorporated material flow analysis (MFA) to incorporate the impact of water discharges on the surrounding. − …”

Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming Model for Sustainable Water Management in Macroscopic Systems: Integrating Optimal Resource Management to the Synthesis of Distributed Treatment Systems

“…Another challenge about water management is one concerning wastewater. A substantial effort has been made in the area of process systems engineering to reduce environmental impacts over the water bodies. − Burgara-Montero et al proposed a distributed treatment system throughout a watershed to ensure the sustainability, concerning the pollution levels of the natural bodies of water. This approach uses the MFA (material flow analysis) technique to assess the system.…”

Optimal Design of a Distributed Treatment System for Increasing Dissolved Oxygen in Watersheds through Self-Rotating Discs

“…Drolc and Zagorc-Koncan applied the MFA model in the river Krka in Slovenia. El-Baz et al , presented a MFA model for tracking nitrogen species (ammonium ions) in the Bahr El-Baqar drain located in Egypt, and Lovelady et al reformulated a MFA model to determine the maximum allowable discharges to ensure the sustainability of a watershed. Similarly, Lira-Barragán et al , implemented a MFA model to determine the optimal location of new industrial facilities considering the sustainability of the watershed.…”