Mangrove Fruit Bioprospecting: Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential as a Food Source for Coastal Communities in the Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify the nutritional and antioxidant potential of mangrove fruits of Xylocarpus granatum, Sonneratia alba, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza growing in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National (RAWN) Park. The protein content of X. granatum fruits (4.50 mg/g) was recorded to be higher than that S. alba (0.93 mg/g) and B. gymnorrhiza (1.09 mg/g), while the fat content in fruits of X. granatum (4.88%), S. alba (4.42%), and B. gymnorrhiza (4.74%) was similar. The total sugar content in fruits of X. granatum (14.8 mg/100 g), S. alba (14.9 mg/ 100 g), and B. gymnorrhiza (13.52 mg/100 g) was also similar. The ascorbic acid content in X. granatum fruit (65 mg/100 g) was higher than that in S. alba (40 mg/100 g) and B. gymnorrhiza (41.87 mg/100 g). However, the fruits of S. alba contained much higher micronutrients of Mn (0.063 mg/g), Zn (0.72 mg/g), and Fe (0.51 mg/g) than those of in X. granatum (0.052, 0.52, and 0.38 mg/g, respectively), and B. gymnorrhiza (0.012, 0.11, and 0.34 mg/g, respectively). Moreover, the fruits of X. granatum contained much higher macronutrients of K and Na compared to fruits of other mangroves. Thus, the findings of this study showed the promising values of all studied mangrove fruits as bio-nutrition and antioxidant sources, and high potentiality to use as renewable food sources for the coastal communities in RAWN Park.

Bioprospecting of Selected Mangrove Fruits Based-Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Element Properties to Support Functional Food Materials for Pulau Sembilan Coastal Communities, Indonesia

“…Fat contents were extracted for selected mangroves fruits using the modified Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method [11], [12]. One g of a sample was heated in alcoholic HCl and left to cool after adding 95% ethanol.…”

“…The total sugar content was calculated for eight mangrove fruits using a method reported previously [12], [13]. Fresh fruit samples (approximately 0.5 g) were collected and then mixed using 80% alcohol.…”

Antimicrobial Potential of Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris against Shrimp Pathogens

“…The fruit contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, steroids [20]. S. alba fruit is known to contain 0.93 mg/g protein,14.9 mg/100 g of total sugar, 40 mg/100 grams of vitamin C, and 52.78%, 0.063 mg/g of Mn, 0.72 mg/g of Zn, and 0.51 mg/g of Fe [21]. Young S. alba fruit flour contains 8.735% protein, 1.44% fat, and 74.12% carbohydrate.…”

Mangrove Monitoring Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi): Case Study in North Halmahera, Indonesia

“…Furthermore, Joel & Bhimba (2013) show that the Meyerozyma guilliermondii fungus grows in mangrove areas and has benefits as an anti-cancer drug. On the other hand, Analuddin et al (2019) argue that mangrove fruits are known as Xylocarpus granatum, Sonneratia alba, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza have high protein content. This shows that mangroves have benefits for the development of health products.…”