This study aims to describe the community participation in regional tourism development from the perspective of Arnstein's theory through ladder of participation in Pitu Beach as the top Tourist Destination of North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. The primary data used in this study were obtained from the representatives of local government (district-subdistrict-village), youth organization, local entrepreneur community and stakeholders who involved in regional tourism development of North Halmahera. While the secondary data were obtained from the Public Works Office of North Halmahera Regency. The results show that community participation in regional tourism development showed the existence of the control society in tourism planning, implementing and evaluating the development program. Thus it could be proofed that community-based tourism approach had been successfully implemented in the context of North Halmahera, Indonesia.

Sustainable livelihood approach has been a strategic approach that can improve the economy of rural communities and create harmonization of socio-cultural, economic, environmental and political development through policies. However, it is holistic and contextual, enabling the existence of different capital characteristics formed based on the community's culture. The Indonesian context shows that customary rituals of the community in Kakara and Limau villages in North Halmahera Regency are forms of capital that mobilize claims and access to capital such as natural, human, physical, financial, and social capital. This article aims to describe the ritual capital in rural livelihood for sustainable tourism development. Key informants involved were leaders of community, traditions, religion and rural government and they were interviewed to obtain in-depth information about the ritual capital. The results indicate that the ritual capital was integrated with the rural tourism development, enhancing the capabilities of the customary community in the Kakara and Limau Village to access other capital. This finding supports the argument explaining that ritual capital is a livelihood asset in the context of tourism development in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia.

This article aims to describe the mangrove forest utilization for sustainable livelihood through a community-based ecotourism approach. This research conduct in Kao Village, North Halmahera District of Indonesia. This study was done in a qualitative method using a life-history approach. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document study. The data were analyzed using a triangulation method to obtain credible information. These research findings show that cultural value, known as Higaro was able to mobilize the capability to access resources such as natural and social capital. In its development, assimilation and acculturation caused changes in livelihood structure. In addition, The mining sector's existence in the Kao community custom area had the potential to limit access to natural and social capital due to ecological loss. However, the mining sector could mobilize human and physical capital through Social Performance programs in the education sector and infrastructure development. The adverse effects of the mining sector to the environment had become such a stimulus for the Kao Village community to adopt an environmentally friendly development approach that had economic value and was able to improve the community welfare. Thus, the Kao Village community managed to maintain and utilize the mangrove forest using a community-based ecotourism approach to endurance livelihood sustainability. These results could be developed into recommendations for regional policymakers, especially in the rural areas, to mobilize the capability of local community access to capitals through the tourism sector to maintain livelihood sustainability.

This paper will describe the problems and challenges in North Halmahera tourism development and describe the coordination, resources, disposition of executor and bureaucratic system in the process of tourism policy implementation by local government. This research used a qualitative method and case study approach. The method used in this research is qualitative with case study approach. This research conducted in Kakara Island,

This article use Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to classify sentiment analysis based on case studies, methods, social media, and platforms. The coding stage is divided into three stages, namely the open, selective and axial coding. The literature study on sentiment analysis is divided into two parts: identifying gaps based on case studies and data sources and identifying gaps based on the methods or algorithms used. The gap identification results based on case studies and data sources show that popular review topics are synonymous with entertainment, economic and political content. Therefore, the quantity of research with review topics related to the implementation of education, the dynamics of the bureaucracy, health facilities and services, and non-governmental organization’s activities need to be increased. Meanwhile, the most dominant platforms used as data sources are website and mobile-based applications. The results of the gap identification based on the method and algorithm show that the quantity of research with the Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) method or algorithm is more dominant than the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Lexicon-based. Thus, it is necessary to increase the number of other classification methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization, BM25, Decision Tree, K-Means, and Neural Networks.

This purpose of the study is to evaluate the implementation of tourism programs in Bobale Island, Kakara Island, Tagalaya Island and Meti Island

Community-based ecotourism is an appropriate approach which is effectively preserved mangrove sustainability. As an effort to identify the priority areas of mangrove development, mangrove density levels need to be analyzed. The distribution of mangroves with the lowest average density value needs to be prioritized as a preservation and conservation strategy through community-based ecotourism concept. This article aims to identify the distribution of mangroves using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) model in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. Also, discuss the sustainable livelihoods' perspective. This study adopted a mixed-method. Data processing is divided into two stages: first stage, mapping the distribution of mangroves based on density levels; second stage, triangulation. Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) in 2013 and 2021 were used as primary data to get the NDVI value, and categorized mangrove density level in Pilawang Cape, Kumo Island, Kakara Island, Maiti Island, and Tagalaya Island. The findings show that Pilawang Cape has the lowest NDVI value. The average NDVI value in 2021 is 0.22 which can be categorized as a rare mangrove forest according to the mangrove standard damage criteria. Thus, Mangrove area in Pilawang Cape needs to be prioritized as a preservation and conservation strategy through community-based ecotourism concept.

The feedback review column on the TripAdvisor website can process the sentiment analysis by classifying the positive and negative impressions of the consumer using machine learning, namely text mining. This study analyzes consumer sentiment for hotel products and services in Labuan Bajo based on feedback review data on the TripAdvisor website. Meanwhile, the algorithm used is Nave Bayes Classifier (NBC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), also SMOTE Upsampling for the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. The classification result shows 702 negative feedback reviews and 2531 positive feedback reviews. The evaluation of algorithm performance shows the accuracy of SVM is 78,30% and NBC is 78,29% compared with k-NN with 85,24% accuracy, using SMOTE Upsampling with a class precision description of 100% prediction negative (1784 true Neg & 0 true Pos) and 77,21% prediction positive (747 true Neg & 2531 true Pos). The class recall description also shows 70,49% true Negative (1784 pred Neg & 747 pred Pos) and 100% true Positive (0 pred Neg & 2531 pred Pos). These findings indicate that the k-NN algorithm shows the best result instead of the SVM and NBC algorithm, according to the sentiment analysis result of customer feedback reviews on hotel products and services in Labuan Bajo through TripAdvisor website.