Mainstreaming Agroforestry in Latin America

Somarriba, Eduardo; Beer, John; Alegre-Orihuela, Julio César; Andrade, Hernán J.; Cerda, Rolando; DeClerck, Fabrice; Detlefsen, Guillermo; Escalante, Maybeline; Giraldo, L. A.; Ibrahim, Muhammad; Krishnamurthy, L.; Mena-Mosquera, Víctor Eleazar; Mora-Degado, Jairo R.; Orozco, Luis; Scheelje, Mauricio; Campos, José Joaquín

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4676-3_21

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…These systems can provide enhanced fodder and shelter for livestock, potentially improving their productivity in a hotter climate, and at the same time increase carbon stocks above those of conventional pastures (Ibrahim et al 2004 ;Hänsela et al 2009 ;Somarriba et al 2012 ) . Many of the land use and agricultural techniques already discussed can also incorporate livestock.…”

Section: Income Diversi Fi Cation With Tree or Forest Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Through Agroforestry and Ecosystem Conservation

Matocha¹,

Schroth

Hills³

et al. 2012

Advances in Agroforestry

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Climate change adaptation and mitigation are usually the objects of separate projects, but in this review we argue that in agricultural contexts, there are often technical and fi nancial advantages in pursuing them simultaneously. This is because (1) adaptation planning is often necessary for mitigation (i.e., carbon sequestration) planning, especially for assessing future climate risks to mitigation investments, (2) certain land-use interventions can have both adaptation and mitigation bene fi ts, and (3) carbon fi nance can help in supporting adaptation which still tends to be underfunded. Agroforestry and ecosystem conservation are key approaches in the integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation objectives, often generating signi fi cant co-bene fi ts for local ecosystems and biodiversity. Synergies between climate change adaptation and mitigation actions are particularly likely in projects involving income diversi fi cation with tree and forest products, reduction of the susceptibility of land-use systems to extreme weather events, improvement of soil fertility, fi re management, wind breaks, and the conservation and restoration of forest and riparian corridors, wetlands, and mangroves. On the other hand, trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation are possible when fast-growing tree monocultures for mitigation con fl ict with local tree and forest uses, making livelihoods more vulnerable, when trees are planted in water-scarce areas con fl icting with local water uses, and in some cases when "climate-smart" agroforestry practices con fl ict with the need for agricultural intensi fi cation to produce increasing amounts of food for a growing population. Such con fl icts need to be avoided through careful, site-speci fi c, and participatory project development. We conclude that adaptation considerations should be included in mitigation project planning and integrated adaptation and mitigation activities should be prioritized in carbon markets and policy formation.

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Section: Income Diversi Fi Cation With Tree or Forest Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Through Agroforestry and Ecosystem Conservation

Matocha¹,

Schroth

Hills³

et al. 2012

Advances in Agroforestry

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“…The multifunctional role of shade trees for farmers' livelihoods and the conservation of natural resources (particularly biodiversity) has been established, highlighting how shade trees in cocoa agroforestry systems enhance functional biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil fertility, drought resistance and, weed and biological pest control (Clough et al 2009;Tscharntke et al 2011;Vandermeer 2011;Somarriba et al 2012;Deheuvels et al 2014). This suggests a need for more comprehensive assessment of the long-term effects of shade removal on cocoa yield over a wide range of contexts, in terms of both socio-economic and ecological conditions (Coe et al 2014).…”

Section: Agroforestry Options For a Climate-smart Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cocoa grown in multi-strata agroforestry systems provides livelihoods for farmers and ecosystem services at local and global scales Rice and Greenberg 2000). Worldwide, it is estimated that around 70 % of cocoa is cultivated with various levels of shade (Gockowski and Sonwa 2011;Somarriba et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between crop intensification and ecosystem services: the role of agroforestry in cocoa cultivation

2014

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Research published in this special issue on cocoa agroforestry illustrates the multifunctional role of shade trees for sustaining cocoa production and improving farmers' livelihoods, and addresses tradeoffs between higher cocoa yield and the provision of ecosystem services to local households and global society. Indeed, the use of diverse shade in cocoa cultivation is threatened by a new drive towards crop intensification.

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“…The SPS are prominent in the agricultural landscape of tropical and sub-tropical regions of Latin America (SOMARRIBA et al, 2012). The SPS differ according to level of technology, technical assistance, policies, and the local socioeconomic and cultural settings.…”

Section: Silvopastoral Systems (Sps) As An Alternative To Improve Catmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systèmes silvopastoraux et atténuation du changement climatique en Amérique latine

Montagnini

Ibrahim²,

Restrepo

2013

Bois for. trop.

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La production de bétail fait partie de la culture des peuples et est importante pour la nutrition et le bien-être humain. Cependant, le bétail d'élevage conventionnel est une source de gaz à effet de serre (Ges). La séquestration du carbone dans la végétation et les sols peut être améliorée tandis que les émissions de Ges peuvent diminuer avec le pâturage contrôlé, des espèces fourragères appropriées, et l'utilisation de systèmes sylvopastoraux (Sps) combinant arbres, arbustes et pâturages. En outre, les Sps favorisent l'adaptation au changement climatique avec les effets améliorateurs des arbres sur les températures de l'air qui limitent le dessèchement des pâturages et améliorent le bien-être et la productivité des animaux. Plusieurs types de Sps sont très répandus dans les paysages agricoles de l'Amérique latine. Dans les Sps intensifs (Isps), comprenant des banques de fourrage avec des espèces ligneuses plantées à haute densité, les rendements sont supérieurs à l'élevage conventionnel, en raison d'une plus grande densité de bétail et du gain de poids plus élevé des animaux. Les recherches en Colombie, au Nicaragua et au Costa Rica montrent que les Sps ont plus de carbone dans la biomasse aérienne et dans les sols que dans les pâturages dégradés. Dans les Sps, le bois des arbres fruitiers, plantés ou de régénération naturelle, augmente les stocks de carbone et les taux de séquestration. Les espèces arborées locales peuvent être utilisées dans les Sps avec de bons résultats en termes de productivité, de restauration des sols, de séquestration du carbone et de conservation de la biodiversité. L'utilisation de Sps contribue à la séquestration du carbone dans les arbres et dans les sols, tandis que l'établissement des plantations forestières et la conservation des forêts secondaires augmentent la séquestration et le stockage du carbone à l'échelle du paysage. Les Sps et surtout les Isps peuvent contribuer à atténuer le changement climatique car ils peuvent avoir un bilan Ges positif. En Amérique latine, les Isps aux résultats positifs ont été adaptés à des niveaux régionaux. Des mesures incitatives telles que le paiement des services environnementaux ainsi que l'assistance technique peuvent stimuler l'adoption des Sps contribuant ainsi à l'atténuation du changement climatique tout en préservant les moyens de subsistance en milieu rural.

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Mainstreaming Agroforestry in Latin America

Cited by 53 publications

References 77 publications

Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Through Agroforestry and Ecosystem Conservation

Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Through Agroforestry and Ecosystem Conservation

Trade-offs between crop intensification and ecosystem services: the role of agroforestry in cocoa cultivation

Systèmes silvopastoraux et atténuation du changement climatique en Amérique latine

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