Maíces de las Tierras Bajas de América del Sur y Conservación de la Agrobiodiversidad en Brasil y Uruguay

Cabrera, A; Siviero, Amauri; Díaz, Ana; Ramalho, Ana Luiza Melgaço; Nicola, Ana; Bellenda, Beatriz; Morales, Belén; Silva, Breno de Mello; Wizniewsky, Carmen Rejane Flôres; Veasey, Elizabeth Ann; Silva, Emanoel Dias Da; Soglio, Fabio Kessler Dal; Bianchini, Fabricio; Costa, Flaviane Malaquias; Fernandes, Gabriel Bianconi; Olano, Gastón; Vielmo, Giovane Ronaldo Rigon; Somavilla, Iana; Indexar,; Cardoso, Irene Maria; Wizniewsky, José Geraldo; Sena, José Ozinaldo Alves de; Sánchez, Laura; Lessa, Lauro Saraiva; Reiniger, Lia Rejane Silveira; Pereira, Lis Soares; Varela, Mariana Vilaró; Beltrán, Mariano; Kaufmann, Marielen Priscila; Muniz, Marlove Fátima Brião; Hoffmann, Marta; Campos, Michele Laffayett De; Cabrera, Natalia; Silva, Natália Carolina de Almeida; Bianchini, Paola Cortez; Cunha, Paulo Anchieta Florentino Da; Vidal, Rafael; Stracconi, Raquel; Barreto, Rebeca Mascarenhas Fonseca; Gavazzi, Renato Antonio; Caggianni, Santiago; Silveira, Sebastián; Faroppa, Stella; Alberti, Valentina; Pereira, Viviane Camejo; Castro, Ximena; Elteto, Yolanda Maulaz

doi:10.22533/at.ed.942201712

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“…The transgene flow into maize and its consequences have the potential to profoundly impact food culture throughout Latin America. Across the region, different races were identified, reaching 64 in Mexico, considered its center of origin; 52 in Peru; 43 in Argentina; 40 in Bolivia; and 23 in Brazil [ 19 ]. This diversity is directly related to a wide variety of cultures, products, and uses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast Brazilian territory is home to thousands of landraces of maize grouped into at least 23 breeds and two racial complexes [ 19 ]. Recent evidence obtained from cross-referencing linguistic, migration, and archaeological data suggests that maize migrated from the Mexico region, not yet fully domesticated, and was selected and adapted to other territories over millennia through intentional human action [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transgene Flow: Challenges to the On-Farm Conservation of Maize Landraces in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Fernandes¹,

Silva

Maronhas³

et al. 2022

Plants

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Brazil is one of the largest global producers of genetically modified crops and a center of origin and diversification of relevant species for agriculture and food. Transgenic monocultures occupy around 50 million hectares, whereas smallholder farmers, indigenous people, and traditional communities are responsible for in-situ/on-Farm conservation of local genetic resources. Based on 15 years of expertise in regulating GMOs and in cross-institutional agrobiodiversity conservation projects, this article discusses the challenges regarding the coexistence of these two agricultural models based on transgene flow detection in maize landraces. As part of a broad and unique participatory transgene-flow-monitoring process, 1098 samples of maize landraces were collected in the Brazilian Semi-arid Region between 2018 and 2021 and analyzed using immunochromatographic strips. The tests revealed 34% of samples with presence of GM proteins. It is concluded that the biosafety standards in force in Brazil do not allow the assurance of on-Farm conservation of maize. The sectors that contribute to agrobiodiversity conservation and do not benefit from using GM seeds are taking on the burden of this process. Transgene flow can be reduced by approving and enforcing more effective coexistence rules that consider maize landraces crop areas also as seed-producing areas added to full disclosure of commercial seeds origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%