Transgene Flow: Challenges to the On-Farm Conservation of Maize Landraces in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Fernandes, Gabriel Bianconi; Silva, Ana Cláudia de Lima; Maronhas, Maitê Edite Sousa; Santos, Amaury da Silva dos; Bianchini, Paola Cortez

doi:10.3390/plants11050603

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…There are also some countries in where transgenic organisms from different domains of life were (intentionally or unintentionally) released into an environment where they might interact with each other. For example, in Brazil, genetically engineered crops [104], fish [105], mosquitoes [106] and pest insects [107] might share the same environment and have some potential to persist and propagate. However, no findings on interactions between those populations have been published.…”

Section: Some Experience From Transgenic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Koller¹,

Schulz²,

Juhas³

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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Background New genomic techniques (NGTs) allow new genotypes and traits to be developed in different ways and with different outcomes compared to previous genetic engineering methods or conventional breeding (including non-targeted mutagenesis). EU GMO regulation requires an assessment of their direct and indirect effects that may be immediate, delayed or cumulative. Such effects may also result from the interactions of NGT organisms simultaneously present in a shared receiving environment or emerge from a combination of their traits. This review elaborates such potential interactions based on a literature review and reasoned scenarios to identify possible pathways to harm. Main findings NGT organisms might be introduced into the environment and food chains on a large-scale, involving many traits, across a broad range of species and within short periods of time. Unavoidably, this would increase the likelihood that direct or indirect effects will occur through interactions between NGT organisms that are, for example simultaneously present within a shared environment. It has to be assumed that the cumulative effects of these NGT organisms may exceed the sum of risks identified in the distinct ‘events’. Consequently, risk assessors and risk managers not only need to consider the risks associated with individual NGT organisms (‘events’), but should also take account of risks resulting from their potential interactions and combinatorial effects. In addition, a prospective technology assessment could help the risk manager in defining criteria to minimize potential unintended interactions between NGT organisms through limiting the scale of releases. Conclusions If genetically engineered (GE) organisms derived from NGTs are released into the environment, their potentially negative impacts need to be minimized. As with all GE organisms, it is, therefore, crucial to not only assess the risks of the individual events, but also their potential interactions which can trigger direct and indirect effects with adverse impacts. It is necessary to develop hypotheses and specific scenarios to explore interactions between NGT organisms and possible pathways to harm from the perspective of the precautionary principle. In addition, the introduction prospective technology assessment could provide an instrument for the risk manager to control the scale of releases of NGT organisms.

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Section: Some Experience From Transgenic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Koller¹,

Schulz²,

Juhas³

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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“…The introduction of GM crops may cause adverse impacts on the environmental conditions, which has been raised ethically by certain sections of the society ( Figure 4 ). It has been argued that the GM crops pose a threat to the decline of crop biodiversity due to of the hybridization of GM crops with related non-GM crops through the transfer of pollen ( Fernandes et al., 2022 ). The GM crops may become invasive over time and affect the population of local wild crop species.…”

Section: Concerns and Related Issues Of Gm Crops Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically engineered crops for sustainably enhanced food production systems

Aziz

Brini²,

Rouached³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Genetic modification of crops has substantially focused on improving traits for desirable outcomes. It has resulted in the development of crops with enhanced yields, quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. With the advent of introducing favorable traits into crops, biotechnology has created a path for the involvement of genetically modified (GM) crops into sustainable food production systems. Although these plants heralded a new era of crop production, their widespread adoption faces diverse challenges due to concerns about the environment, human health, and moral issues. Mitigating these concerns with scientific investigations is vital. Hence, the purpose of the present review is to discuss the deployment of GM crops and their effects on sustainable food production systems. It provides a comprehensive overview of the cultivation of GM crops and the issues preventing their widespread adoption, with appropriate strategies to overcome them. This review also presents recent tools for genome editing, with a special focus on the CRISPR/Cas9 platform. An outline of the role of crops developed through CRSIPR/Cas9 in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 is discussed in detail. Some perspectives on the approval of GM crops are also laid out for the new age of sustainability. The advancement in molecular tools through plant genome editing addresses many of the GM crop issues and facilitates their development without incorporating transgenic modifications. It will allow for a higher acceptance rate of GM crops in sustainable agriculture with rapid approval for commercialization. The current genetic modification of crops forecasts to increase productivity and prosperity in sustainable agricultural practices. The right use of GM crops has the potential to offer more benefit than harm, with its ability to alleviate food crises around the world.

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JAZ Genes in Cotton: Prospects for Improvements to Vegetative and Fibre Growth by Addressing Lepidopteran Herbivory Resistance Mechanisms

Rock,

Adhikari,

Parajulee

2024

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Evolution of insect resistance is the primary threat to the long‐term efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgene technologies. Plants have a deeply conserved defence response to pests: Jasmonic acid (JA) hormone signalling mediated by transcriptional repressors called JASMONATE‐ZIM‐DOMAIN/JAZ. JAZs normally limit expression of plant defence pathways, promoting assimilate partitioning towards growth and reproduction, by their carboxyl terminal Jas motif that antagonises MYeloCytomatosis (MYC) master transcription factor activities. Deletion, alternative splicing/intron retention, or disruption of the Jas motif results in JA insensitivity and increased resistance to pathogens including arthropod herbivores, for example by production of secondary metabolites and new leaves with higher trichome density. JA‐mediated trichome initiation and elongation also impact cotton fibre production. Since its release in 2017, the third‐generation stacked commercial Bt insecticidal Vip3A protein traits are increasingly under severe pressure for evolution of Helicoverpa zea (bollworm) resistance. Regional differences in efficacy of Bollgard ® 3 and WideStrike ® 3 against lepidopteran pests and increasing pesticide use are emerging issues. Future transgenic field control failures from bollworm infestations and incursions of Helicoverpa armigera from Central America are likely in the U.S. Cotton Belt. In this systematic primer on the problem, we take a conceptual approach to consider JAZ genes as means to leverage ‘internal’ host‐derived herbivore resistance in cotton. We consider the genetic redundancy and pleiotropic nature of JAZ master regulators on tissue‐specific growth, development, crosstalk with hormonal and small RNA pathways as nodes in networks, and limitations of JAZ efficacy due to fitness costs/growth trade‐offs versus prospects for enhancing resistance networks to orchestrate transgressive segregation (generation of extreme phenotypes in breeding progeny not seen in parental lines).

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Transgene Flow: Challenges to the On-Farm Conservation of Maize Landraces in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Genetically engineered crops for sustainably enhanced food production systems

JAZ Genes in Cotton: Prospects for Improvements to Vegetative and Fibre Growth by Addressing Lepidopteran Herbivory Resistance Mechanisms

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