Magnetic field aligned nanocomposite proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) and Fe2O3 nanoparticles for direct methanol fuel cell application

Evaluation of electrochemical properties and reverse electrodialysis performance for porous cation exchange membranes with sulfate-functionalized iron oxide

“…To enhance the hydrophilicity and IEC of the PPO, a sulfonation reaction was carried out that functionalized the aromatic rings of the polymer chains with charged groups, typically from sulfonic acid. Mixing Nafion s with a variety of inorganic fillers, such as silica, titanium, zirconium phosphates, and ceria, has been widely used for creation of composite membranes, mostly for fuel cell applications [31][32][33] The resulting highly dense structured membranes had fine electrochemical characteristics [25]. Structural modification of a membrane often influences its ionic transport capability and electrochemical performance [35].…”

Perfluorosulfonate ionomer membranes with improved through-plane proton conductivity fabricated under magnetic field

“…Gopinadhan et al [18] have created well-aligned arrays of amorphous poly(ethylene oxide) microdomains in a liquid crystalline block copolymer in magnetic field. g-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles were introduced to membrane preparation in magnetic field by Brijmohan et al [19] and Hasanabadi et al [20]. The matrixes they have used were sulfonated poly (ether ketone ketone) and sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) respectively.…”

“…In the magnetic field treatment, since magnetic nanoparticles cannot be directly mixed with polymers to form composition with sufficient stability, researchers turned to introduce a third additive, for example polystyrene, to stabilize the nanoparticles in polymer matrix [19,20]. However, this is not an ideal solution because the third additive itself may bring some negative effects on the final performance of the membranes, such as blocking proton conducting, reducing the membrane stability and so on.…”

Advanced nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications: a comprehensive review

“…In fact, SNP is a mixture of sodium nitroprusside, potassium ferrocyanide, NaOH, and water in a certain proportion (Das et al, 2014;Dutta et al, 2015). The concentration of the methanol in side B can also be measured by gas chromatography (GC) method (Shahi, 2007;Hasanabadi et al, 2011). Methanol permeability using GC is determined as follows (Eq.…”