Lutein and Zeaxanthin Toxicity With and Without Brilliant Blue in Rabbits

Abstract

Lutein and zeaxanthin alone or in association with BB showed a good safety profile in this experimental model.

Efficacy of a lutein-based dye (PhacodyneTM) for visualizing anterior capsulorhexis during cataract surgery by phacoemulsification

“…Additionally, clinical, histological, and electroretinographic evaluations performed after the intravitreal injection of the dye in rabbit eyes showed no signs of toxicity, (14) indicating the enhanced safety in case of accidental leak of the dye into the vitreous. Based on these reported we decided to evaluate the application of s the new dye for cataract surgery in humans.…”

“…It has been reported that the green 1% solution of soluble lutein and zeaxanthin-based dye combined with 0.04% trypan blue (Phacodyne™, Kemin, USA) is a useful intraocular dye for staining the an terior capsule, enhancing the CCC procedure in human cadaveric eyes (11) . Its safety profile has been evaluated by clinical, histological, and electroretinographic methods after intravitreal injections into rabbit eyes (14) . The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of application of a novel dye comprising 1% soluble lutein-zeaxanthin together with 0.04% trypan blue (Phacodyne™, Kemin, USA) to improve the anterior capsulorhexis during the phacoemulsification surgery in human eyes.…”

Comparing the Mode of Action of Intraocular Lutein-Based Dyes With Synthetic Dyes

“…Specifically for Retidyne, these results suggest a nonchemical bonding to the membrane and are in agreement with previous preclinical and clinical tests that showed that this natural dye is safe to be used intraocularly. 22,24,26,28 However, the results for BB do not correlate completely with reports that showed dose-and timedependent toxicity of this dye in retinal cell lines, revealing that it is prudent to use the lowest possible concentration during the surgery. 34,35 When analyzing the behavior of Retidyne Plus while in contact with the same model, we observed a change in the isotherm of ILM model.…”

“…The citotoxicity of this dye was evaluated using cell models of retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and human corneal epithelial cells (HCE), as well as, in rabbits, revealing no dye-related cytotoxicity. 24,28 Moreover, the safety of this dye was also tested in patients that underwent pars plana vitrectomy without clinical side effects, showing, therefore, that this lutein-based dye has a safe profile to intraocular use. 25 This fact indicates that the fluidization of the membrane observed by this dye as indicated by the isotherms and vibrational spectra is not related to a possible toxicity.…”

“…[19][20][21] In our previous publications, we have described the use of novel intraocular dyes in which Lutein is the primary component in cataract and vitreoretinal surgeries. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] These L/Z-based dyes have shown efficacy in staining target membranes such as AC, ILM, and the vitreous, as well as an excellent safety profile. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The nature of the interaction of L/Z-based dyes with their target membranes is herein investigated using Langmuir monolayer models simulating the ILM, vitreous, AC, and epiretinal membrane (ERM).…”