Lutein and zeaxanthin alone or in association with BB showed a good safety profile in this experimental model.

Purpose: To investigate the reliability of ultrasound in determining the size and identify the sonographic features and artifacts generated by intraocular foreign bodies of different materials. Methods: Experimental study using 36 enucleated porcine eyes. Fragments of nine different compositions (wood, glass, plastic, cardboard, iron, aluminum, lead, powder and concrete) and similar dimensions (4 mm) were implanted via scleral incision into the vitreous cavity of 36 porcine eyes, four eyes were used for each material. Ultrasound examination was performed in all eyes using the contact technique, conductive gel and 10MHz transducer (EZScan, Sonomed). Results: Considering the material fragments of gunpowder, lead, concrete, alu minum, wood and glass, the size determined by ultrasound was considered statistically similar to the actual size. The material iron presented ultrasoundde termined dimension statistically smaller than its actual size. Cardboard and plastic materials showed ultrasounddetermined measurements far greater than the actual. All fragments of intraocular foreign bodies demonstrated hyperreflective interfaces, irrespective of their composition. Whereas the artifacts generated by different materials, it was found that the materials iron, aluminum and lead showed reverberation of great extent. The material wood showed no reverberation. The length of the reverberation artifact for the materials iron, glass, aluminum and cardboard was lower when compared to other materials. All materials presented posterior shadowing artifact, with the exception of aluminum. Conclusion: Ultrasonography was considered a reliable technique to determine the size of intraocular foreign bodies in pigs, with little influence caused by its composition. Ultrasound artifacts generated were considered materialdependent and can assist the examiner to identify the nature of a foreign body of unknown etiology. Ultrasonography aided the surgeon to identify, locate and measure the intraocular foreign body, directing appropriate surgical planning.

IntroductionThe increasing prevalence of multi-resistant bacteria is a major public health concern. Infections acquired during ophthalmic surgery are devastating. The purpose of the current study is to compare the proportion of eyes with negative bacterial cultures on all tested media after 1 versus 3 sequential drops of povidone-iodine (PI) 5% into the inferior conjunctival fornix.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to receive 1 (PI group) drop (at time 28 minutes) or 3 (PI plus group) sequential drops (at time 0, 20 minutes and 28 minutes) of PI 5% into the inferior conjunctival sac of one randomly selected eye. A swab culture was obtained from the inferior conjunctival fornix 5 minutes before and 30 minutes after time 0. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured shortly before time 0 and shortly after time 30. Conjunctival swabs were incubated aerobically in enriched Thioglycolate liquid medium (meat broth) and in three solid culture media (chocolate agar, trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, and Sabouraud agar).ResultsThere was no significant difference in the proportion of negative cultures after intervention between groups (p = 0.1638). Also in the PI group (n = 59), the proportion of eyes with negative cultures after PI (79.7%) did not differ significantly from baseline (76.3%; p = 0.7539). However in the PI plus group (n = 61), the proportion of eyes with all negative cultures after PI (85.3%) was significantly higher than before PI (70.5%) (p = 0.0177). There was no significant difference in mean CCT before and after the intervention in both groups.ConclusionInstillation of 3 sequential drops of PI was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of eyes with all negative cultures, while instillation of a single drop of PI was not associated with a significant increase in the proportion of negative cultures. Further study is warranted to determine whether the difference between the PI administration regimens is also associated with differences in the rates of postoperative ocular infections.

To study the efficacy and safety of treatments with ranibizumab and bevacizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods: A parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of three regimens (bevacizumab every month, bevacizumab every 2 weeks, and ranibizumab every month), followed by as-needed retreatments, for 1 year, in previously untreated individuals with age-related macular degeneration. The primary outcome was change in visual acuity and in central macular thickness after 1 year of follow-up. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of the three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio, and investigators and examiners were blinded to the randomization results. Results: We included 15 patients in each group. After 1 year of follow-up, we found statistically significant improvements in visual acuity and central macular thickness reduction in all groups. However, we found no statistically significant differences between the three groups. Conclusions: The biweekly follow-up was effective and we found no significant differences in efficacy or safety between the treatments with ranibizumab and bevacizumab.

DME eyes show significantly lower foveal thickness than matched controls after DME resolution achieved with one-year anti-VEGF therapy. Further investigation into the reasonsfor this presumable retinal atrophy using fluorescein angiography and functional parameters as well as establishing possible predictors is warranted. This finding should be considered during the treatment of DME.

O processo de envelhecimento do olho está associado ao desenvolvimento de diversas condições patológicas que resultam em perda visual. Este artigo aborda três doenças que figuram entre as principais causas de cegueira na população mundial: catarata, glaucoma e degeneração macular relacionada à idade.

O presente trabalho tem, como fio condutor, o tema sustentabilidade. Para tanto, visando investigar o conceito de sustentabilidade, elegemos o município de Sorocaba, cidade situada no interior do Estado de São Paulo, premiada em diversas categorias e que foi considerada uma das melhores cidades do Brasil. A hipótese inicial é que a elevação da cidade à categoria de cidade sustentável não expressa o que a população local entende por sustentabilidade. Buscamos identificar os indicadores e/ou temas que contribuíram para essas premiações e o seu reflexo na cidade e, de forma complementar, a percepção dos moradores a respeito dos assuntos abordados e seus posicionamentos sobre o que é uma cidade sustentável. O trabalho concluído apresenta resultados que confirmam a hipótese inicial, revelando, ainda, outros aspectos que merecem ser incorporados para se aferir uma cidade sustentável. Apresenta, ainda, diretrizes que devem guiar o planejamento ambiental com vistas à sustentabilidade.Palavras chavessustentabilidade, indicadores, cidade, qualidade de vida.

Nosso olhar se orienta para a construção da Cidade Sustentável, apontando para visões que buscam uma cidade real mais justa, o objetivo final e ideal das ações de urbanismo. Nossa abordagem considera que a sustentabilidade da cidade deve se ater a dois importantes elementos: a justiça ambiental e a resiliência. Destacamos seis propostas que se apresentam como "modelos de cidades" para refletir sobre a inserção da sustentabilidade, oito atributos foram definidos para a análise, que permitem estabelecer o grau de intensidade e comprometimento de cada um deles em cada uma das propostas de cidades anunciadas. Essa conjunção de pontuação resulta na construção da matriz "A Sustentabilidade nos modelos de cidades". Em nossa abordagem, consideramos a Cidade Sustentável aquela capaz de responder às adversidades, reduzir a desigualdade social, promover um ambiente seguro, mais adensado e com outros estilos de vida e a construir pactos para enfrentar os desafios. Mas, o desafio, o fio condutor, está na integração entre as políticas ambientais, urbanas, sociais e econômicas, ou seja, faz-se necessário integrar políticas com foco na sustentabilidade e em prioridades que contemplem a qualidade de vida da sociedade.