PurposeThe aim of this study is to describe some radiological features in the newborns with microcephaly caused by Zika virus infection during pregnancy.MethodsWe radiologically analyzed 13 cases of newborns with microcephaly born to mothers who were infected by the Zika virus in the early stage of pregnancy.ResultsThe most frequently observed radiological findings were microcephaly and decreased brain parenchymal volume associated with lissencephaly, ventriculomegaly secondary to the lack of brain tissue (not hypertensive), and coarse and anarchic calcifications mainly involving the subcortical cortical transition, and the basal ganglia.ConclusionsAlthough it cannot be concluded that there is a definitive pathognomonic radiographic pattern of microcephaly caused by Zika virus, gross calcifications and anarchic distribution involving the subcortical cortical transition and the basal ganglia, in association with lissencephaly and in the absence of hypertensive ventriculomegaly, are characteristic of this type of infection.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) seem to have positive effects on academic achievement (AA), although in most studies, objective methods of assessment have not been used. Aim: To examine the associations of CRF and PA with AA. Subjects and methods: A sample of 640 youngsters (10-18 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. CRF was estimated with the 20-metre shuttle run test and PA was measured using accelerometers. School grades were used to describe AA using mathematics and native language final grades. The relationship between CRF and PA with AA was analysed using ANCOVA. Results: Results show a significant effect of CRF levels on native language grades, after adjustment for confounders [F(3,414) ¼ 3,99 p < 0.05], but not for mathematics [F(3,360) ¼ 0.95 p > 0.05]. No significant effects of PA levels on AA were found. Conclusions: CRF is associated with moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and higher levels of CRF may influence AA. CRF is positively correlated with MVPA, suggesting that higher amounts of MVPA might improve CRF and indirectly influence AA. Since CRF is dependent on higher intensities of PA, we can suggest a focus on implementing improvement strategies to increase the intensity of physical education lessons.

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Although, there are a few descriptions of hemorrhagic lumbar justafacet cysts after trauma or anticoagulant therapy, this is the first case of a hemorrhagic ganglion cyst with no previous traumatic event or use of medication. Magnetic resonance imaging was essential for making the preoperative diagnosis. Neurosurgical cyst removal proved to be an effective treatment.

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: Descrição das características demográficas, clinicas e neuropatológicas de 11 doentes com doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (DCJ). MÉTODO: Revisão clínica e neuropatológica de doentes com DCJ diagnosticados entre 1993 e 2002 em hospitais do Norte de Portugal. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 11 doentes (4 do sexo feminino; idade média de início dos sintomas, 64 anos; média de duração da doença, 8 meses). Todos apresentaram síndrome demencial progressiva associada a mioclonias, sendo a síndrome cerebelar a forma de apresentação inicial em quatro deles. O estudo neuropatológico revelou sempre espongiose e gliose reativa associada a perda neuronal. O estudo imunocitoquímico para proteína priônica (PrP) foi positivo nos oito casos em que foi executado. CONCLUSÃO: O grupo de doentes descritos constitui uma série clinica representativa da heterogeneidade de fenótipos possíveis da DCJ esporádica. O estudo neuropatológico é ainda indispensável para o diagnóstico definitivo da doença.

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Purpose: To investigate the reliability of ultrasound in determining the size and identify the sonographic features and artifacts generated by intraocular foreign bodies of different materials. Methods: Experimental study using 36 enucleated porcine eyes. Fragments of nine different compositions (wood, glass, plastic, cardboard, iron, aluminum, lead, powder and concrete) and similar dimensions (4 mm) were implanted via scleral incision into the vitreous cavity of 36 porcine eyes, four eyes were used for each material. Ultrasound examination was performed in all eyes using the contact technique, conductive gel and 10MHz transducer (EZScan, Sonomed). Results: Considering the material fragments of gunpowder, lead, concrete, alu minum, wood and glass, the size determined by ultrasound was considered statistically similar to the actual size. The material iron presented ultrasoundde termined dimension statistically smaller than its actual size. Cardboard and plastic materials showed ultrasounddetermined measurements far greater than the actual. All fragments of intraocular foreign bodies demonstrated hyperreflective interfaces, irrespective of their composition. Whereas the artifacts generated by different materials, it was found that the materials iron, aluminum and lead showed reverberation of great extent. The material wood showed no reverberation. The length of the reverberation artifact for the materials iron, glass, aluminum and cardboard was lower when compared to other materials. All materials presented posterior shadowing artifact, with the exception of aluminum. Conclusion: Ultrasonography was considered a reliable technique to determine the size of intraocular foreign bodies in pigs, with little influence caused by its composition. Ultrasound artifacts generated were considered materialdependent and can assist the examiner to identify the nature of a foreign body of unknown etiology. Ultrasonography aided the surgeon to identify, locate and measure the intraocular foreign body, directing appropriate surgical planning.

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