LTE-U WiFi HetNets: Enabling Spectrum Sharing for 5G/Beyond 5G Systems

Ali, Mudassar; Qaisar, Saad; Naeem, Muhammad; Ejaz, Waleed; Bubnys, Remigijus

doi:10.1109/iotm.0001.2000024

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In [7], the authors proposed a novel method to allow the coexistence of LTE-U with WiFi networks for 5G by formulating the problem as maximizing the Quality-of-Experience (QoE) of the LTE-U system and solving it using a game-theoretic approach. Further, the authors in [8] described LTE-U WiFi heterogeneous (HetNet) architecture and outlined the technical challenges for the effective utilization of unlicensed bands in LTE-U WiFi HetNets.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is implies that the whole countrywide 28 GHz or 60 GHz mmWave spectrum can be allocated in all TTIs t to UEs of small cells of an MNO o on any floor ω fl in a building l. e same process described above is applicable for all MNOs o ∈ O at each renewal term t rnw to update M l,ω fl o,t in any TTI t to avoid CCI. Hence, using (8), the countrywide 28 GHz or 60 GHz spectra can be reused to small cells of each MNO o on any floor ω fl in a building l to improve countrywide 28 GHz and 60 GHz mmWave spectrum utilization. Further, the higher the number of subscribers N o of an MNO o at term t rnw , the greater the amount of mmWave spectrum M l,ω fl o,t allocated to MNO o on any floor ω fl in a building l in any TTI t at term t rnw .…”

Section: Optimal Amount Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectrum Allocation and Reuse in 5G New Radio on Licensed and Unlicensed Millimeter-Wave Bands in Indoor Environments

Saha

2021

Mobile Information Systems

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In this paper, by exploiting the frequency-domain, we propose a countrywide millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum allocation and reuse technique to allocate and reuse spatially the countrywide 28 GHz licensed spectrum and 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum to small cells (SCs) on each floor of a building of each Fifth-Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Mobile Network Operator (MNO) of an arbitrary country. We develop an interference management scheme, model user statistics per SC, and interferer statistics per apartment and formulate the amount of the 28 GHz and 60 GHz spectra per MNO. We derive average capacity, spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), and cost efficiency (CE) when employing the proposed technique, as well as the traditional static licensed spectrum allocation technique. We discuss the implementation of the proposed technique and evaluate the performance under two scenarios, namely, SCs operate only in the 28 GHz in scenario 1, and both 28 GHz and 60 GHz in scenario 2. Extensive results and analyses are carried out for four MNOs, i.e., MNOs 1, 2, 3, and 4, in scenario 1. However, in scenario 2, in addition to MNOs 1, 2, 3, and 4, an incumbent Wireless Gigabit (WiGig) operator is considered. It is shown that the proposed technique with no co-channel interference can improve average capacity, SE, EE, and CE of MNO 1 by 3 times, 1.65 times, 75%, and 60%, respectively, in scenario 1, whereas 6.12 times, 5.104 times, 85.8%, and 83.15%, respectively, in scenario 2. Moreover, with an increase in reuse factors, SE increases linearly and EE increases negative exponentially. Further, we show that the proposed technique can satisfy SE and EE requirements for sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems. Finally, we discuss offered benefits and point out key issues of the proposed technique for further studies.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimal Amount Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Allocation and Reuse in 5G New Radio on Licensed and Unlicensed Millimeter-Wave Bands in Indoor Environments

Saha

2021

Mobile Information Systems

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“…Since unlicensed bands are transmit-power limited, LTE-U is suitable for a small area [7]. Moreover, LTE-U can aggregate with the licensed band of LTE using the CA technology such that LTE-U deployments in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) can be categorized into three scenarios as follows [120], which are illustrated in Fig. 9.…”

Section: A Coexistence Deployment Scenarios For Lte-umentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Design and effectiveness of existing coexistence mechanisms: The main challenge for the coexistence of cellular and IEEE 802.11 standards comes from the design of an efficient coexistence mechanism in the unlicensed band. Major constraints to designing an efficient coexistence mechanism include the lack of inter-RAT coordination, intercell interference management, independent resource allocations from one RAT to another, and different MAC and Physical Layer (PHY) protocols, which makes the inter-RAT coordination a challenging problem [120]. As mentioned earlier, in the case of LTE-U and WiFi systems, LTE uses centralized MAC, whereas WiFi uses contention-based MAC.…”

Section: A Coexistence Challenge and Open Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6) Interoperator interference: Because in unlicensed bands different operators have equal priorities, uncoordinated resource management leads to interoperator interference if more than one cellular operators access the same unlicensed spectrum at the same time [7]. This requires negotiation and coordination policies to address interoperator interference, i.e, either to avoid interference for orthogonal spectrum allocations or to mitigate interference for non-orthogonal spectrum allocations [120].…”

Section: A Coexistence Challenge and Open Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coexistence of Cellular and IEEE 802.11 Technologies in Unlicensed Spectrum Bands -A Survey

Saha

2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the coexistence of cellular and IEEE 802.11 standards from a holistic viewpoint that takes into account the coexistence of all existing and future cellular and IEEE 802.11 standards in all the available unlicensed spectrum bands. Unlike existing survey works focusing mostly on any unlicensed band and/or standard, we start by giving an overview of unlicensed spectrum bands, including 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and 60 GHz. We then review the operation of cellular technologies, namely Long-Term Evolution Unlicensed (LTE-U), Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), and New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U), worldwide in the unlicensed spectrum bands. Further, we summarize scenarios and categories of coexistence mechanisms, conditions for a fair coexistence, and coexistencerelated features. An extensive study on the coexistence mechanisms, deployment scenarios, as well as standardization efforts for the coexistence between cellular and IEEE 802.11 standards, is carried out. Finally, we highlight the coexistence challenges and open problems, the convergence of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and IEEE standards, as well as future research directions. Moreover, to provide insights on the relative measures, we also carry out comparative studies of several key concerns with regard to the coexistence, namely unlicensed spectrum band, regulatory requirement, coexistence mechanism, and cellular standardization effort. Each study presents a comparison among potential features of one of these concerns in tabular forms. Finally, we summarize key lessons that are learned and discussed throughout the paper.

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Quality of service‐aware coexistence in unlicensed 5G new radio based on time‐domain virtualization

Zimmo

Moubayed

Refaey

et al. 2022

Int J Communication

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The deployment of mobile systems is facing several challenges. Precisely, the lack of available licensed bands limits the network capacity, affecting the quality of service (QoS). Consequently, there has been significant interest in utilizing the unlicensed spectrum for mobile data traffic. 3GPP proposed and improved the coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band starting in Release 13 and the following releases, such as LTE-LAA and 5G NR-U. This will cause significant interference and drastically affects the Wi-Fi users' QoS.To that end, we propose the use of time-domain virtualization between 5G NR-U and Wi-Fi systems. In particular, a scheduling algorithm is proposed, where the sharing mechanism is allocated in time slots rather than allocating a subband frequency for each technology. 5G use cases have different QoS requirements and our proposed solution aims at meeting these requirements.Accordingly, the performance is evaluated by studying the impact of resource virtualization and the coexistence configuration. Simulation results confirm that the minimum rate and maximum delay constraints are met. Moreover, it is shown that resource virtualization improves the throughput in both technologies. Furthermore, the delay performance is displayed for both 5G NR-U and Wi-Fi to show any impact of time-sharing coexistence.

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LTE-U WiFi HetNets: Enabling Spectrum Sharing for 5G/Beyond 5G Systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Spectrum Allocation and Reuse in 5G New Radio on Licensed and Unlicensed Millimeter-Wave Bands in Indoor Environments

Spectrum Allocation and Reuse in 5G New Radio on Licensed and Unlicensed Millimeter-Wave Bands in Indoor Environments

Coexistence of Cellular and IEEE 802.11 Technologies in Unlicensed Spectrum Bands -A Survey

Quality of service‐aware coexistence in unlicensed 5G new radio based on time‐domain virtualization

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