Abstract:We present a novel methods of fabricating low-temperature (180 °C), solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) transistors using a ZnO precursor that is blended with zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH) 2 ] and zinc oxide hydrate (ZnO "H 2 O) in an ammonium solution. By using the proposed method, we successfully improved the electrical performance of the transistor in terms of the mobility (μ), on/off current ratio (I on /I off ), sub-threshold swing (SS), and operational stability. Our new approach to forming a ZnO film was syste… Show more
“…After 30 min of UVO processing, a shoulder peak at 530.3 eV appeared for the first time. The smallest energy level peak at 530.3 eV (denoted as Zn-OH in Figure 3) is assigned to the oxygen atoms in zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ) [66,67,68], and the other peaks at 531.6 (Zn-O) and 532.2 eV (V O ) are associated with the oxygen atoms in ZnO with and without oxygen vacancies, respectively [69,70,71,72]. Hence, it can be interpreted that the Zn(OH) 2 in the synthesized ZnO sample was fully transformed into ZnO with some oxygen vacancies during the first 10-min UVO treatment, and afterwards the oxygen vacancies were filled with oxygen atoms (i.e., oxygen uptake occurred).…”
To combat infectious diseases, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been identified as an effective antibacterial agent; however, its performance can be adversely affected by harsh application environments. The ozone impact on ZnO antibacterial film needs to be evaluated prior to its application in an ozone disinfection system. In this study, ZnO films synthesized via sol-gel/spin-coating were subjected to ultraviolet–ozone (UVO) treatment for different periods. Surface investigations using scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the treatment-induced film changes. With longer UVO treatment, the surface porosity of the film gradually increased from 5% to 30%, causing the transmittance reduction and absorbance increase in visible-light range. Phase transformation of Zn(OH)2 to ZnO occurred during the first 10 min of UVO treatment, followed by oxygen uptake as a consequence of the reaction with reactive oxygen species generated during UVO treatment. However, despite these surface changes, the satisfactory antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO film against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was sustained even after 120 min of UVO treatment. This indicates that the UVO-induced surface changes do not have a significant effect on the antibacterial performance and that the ZnO sol-gel film possesses good functional durability in ozone environments.
“…After 30 min of UVO processing, a shoulder peak at 530.3 eV appeared for the first time. The smallest energy level peak at 530.3 eV (denoted as Zn-OH in Figure 3) is assigned to the oxygen atoms in zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ) [66,67,68], and the other peaks at 531.6 (Zn-O) and 532.2 eV (V O ) are associated with the oxygen atoms in ZnO with and without oxygen vacancies, respectively [69,70,71,72]. Hence, it can be interpreted that the Zn(OH) 2 in the synthesized ZnO sample was fully transformed into ZnO with some oxygen vacancies during the first 10-min UVO treatment, and afterwards the oxygen vacancies were filled with oxygen atoms (i.e., oxygen uptake occurred).…”
To combat infectious diseases, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been identified as an effective antibacterial agent; however, its performance can be adversely affected by harsh application environments. The ozone impact on ZnO antibacterial film needs to be evaluated prior to its application in an ozone disinfection system. In this study, ZnO films synthesized via sol-gel/spin-coating were subjected to ultraviolet–ozone (UVO) treatment for different periods. Surface investigations using scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the treatment-induced film changes. With longer UVO treatment, the surface porosity of the film gradually increased from 5% to 30%, causing the transmittance reduction and absorbance increase in visible-light range. Phase transformation of Zn(OH)2 to ZnO occurred during the first 10 min of UVO treatment, followed by oxygen uptake as a consequence of the reaction with reactive oxygen species generated during UVO treatment. However, despite these surface changes, the satisfactory antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO film against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was sustained even after 120 min of UVO treatment. This indicates that the UVO-induced surface changes do not have a significant effect on the antibacterial performance and that the ZnO sol-gel film possesses good functional durability in ozone environments.
“…biosensing [4], photocatalysis [5], optoelectronics [6], electronics [7], spintronics [8] and photonics [9]. Many of the proposed devices rely on the fact that ZnO can be easily and cost effectively nanostructured, giving rise to one of the richest families of semiconductor nanostructures known [10].…”
Powders of ZnO and ZnO:M (M = Al 3+ and Sr 2+) with 1 and 4% of M nominal content were synthetized by a hydrothermal method in a diethanolamine (DEA) medium. The samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-Raman and photoluminescence (PL). The powder particles were spherical with average radius decreasing from 1 µm down to 70 nm with increasing Al 3+ nominal content but nearly independent on the Sr 2+ nominal content. The XRD and micro-Raman results indicate that both Al 3+ and Sr 2+ mostly incorporated substitutionally into the ZnO lattice, giving rise to compressive and tensile strain, respectively, as a result of ionic radii differences. The PL spectra for ZnO:Al exhibit a dopant-induced contribution at ∼3.1 eV, which is not observed for ZnO:Sr, due to radiative transitions involving trapping of photocarriers at theoretically expected substitutional Al 3+ donor states or at Zn interstitial defects.
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