Low probability of detection for underwater acoustic communication

Diamant, Roee; Lampe, Lutz; Gamroth, Emmett

doi:10.1109/oceans.2014.7003005

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…In [40], LPD is achieved if the SNPR at each frequency band is below a threshold, as experienced by the interceptor. Another approach is to consider LPD as the difference between the reception and detection gains of the receiver and interceptor, respectively [71]. These gains include the path loss, channel coding, and antenna gains.…”

Section: A Measures Used In Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Low Probability of Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communication: A Review

Diamant

Lampe

2018

IEEE Access

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Low probability of detection (LPD) is an extremely important characteristic of an underwater acoustic communication (UWAC) system when used for military-related applications, since the detection of a communication signal in the channel may reveal the presence of the transmitter or receiver. Furthermore, the recent advances in the understanding of the environmental effects of sound transmission in the ocean have led to a growing interest in LPD for UWAC also for civilian use. This is because systems that are designed for reliable communication at low signal power have a reduced environmental impact. In this paper, we identify the main challenges for the design of UWAC LPD systems. We describe and classify common approaches for transmission, reception, and interception of LPD signals, and we discuss their advantages and weaknesses. We also present several methods to determine the LPD capability of a system and suggest to adopt the range ratio test as a performance measure that captures the effects of signal propagation through the UWAC channel and the capabilities of the communication receiver and a signal interceptor. In light of the environmental benefits of LPD transmission and ongoing discussions about limiting the power spectral density of UWAC signals through regulations, we believe that LPD transmission is an area of growing importance for UWAC research and development. We hope that this paper serves as a motivation and a starting point for further research in this field.

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Section: A Measures Used In Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Low Probability of Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communication: A Review

Diamant

Lampe

2018

IEEE Access

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“…It is similar to the situation of two people having a secret talk and when a third person approaches them, their communication doesnot remain covert. Scientists have given a lot of contributions to increase the covert distance but it cannot be true for all regions [15][16][17]. This technique gives perfect CUAC for a bounded region but it doesnot remain covert for all communication ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionic Morse Coding Mimicking Humpback Whale Song for Covert Underwater Communication

et al. 2019

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A novel method of bionic Morse coding mimicking humpback whale vocal is presented for covert underwater acoustic communication. The complex humpback whale song is translated as bionic Morse codes based on information entropy. The communication signal is made akin to the natural singing of male humpback whales. The intruder can detect the signal but will not be able to recognize the communication signal due to unified resemblance with the natural sound. This novel technique gives an excellent low probability of recognition characteristics. A flawless stealthy underwater acoustic communication has been established which has negligible chances of deciphered with high imperceptibility. Standard mimicry Morse codes have been developed for the characters of the English language and compared with Morse coding. Covert information of one character per second can be watermarked with perfect stealth and clandestine communication. This novel concept has been verified at transmission distance of five km and less than 10−3 Bit Error Rate (BER) is achieved at Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) down to negative seven dB. Zero BER is attained by estimating the channel by a matching pursuit algorithm and equalizing the errors by virtual time reversal mirror technique.

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Underwater Acoustic Covert Communication Based on Compressed Sensing

Zhou

Cao

2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Compressed sensing technology is currently a relatively mature channel estimation technology, and the sparsity of the underwater acoustic channel provides a basis for the application of compressed sensing technology to the underwater acoustic channel. Channel estimation is one of the most commonly used signal reconstruction methods. The signal is reconstructed based on compressed sensing technology to improve the reliability of signal transmission. The key to compressed sensing technology is the SL0 algorithm. Based on the SL0 algorithm, a new objective function is proposed to better approximate the L0 norm. In a very short time, the original signal can be reconstructed accurately and the signal transmission is improved. Finally a simulation experiment is used to compare the proposed objective function with the previously proposed objective function, which proves that the performance of the proposed objective function is better.

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Low probability of detection for underwater acoustic communication

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Low Probability of Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communication: A Review

Low Probability of Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communication: A Review

Bionic Morse Coding Mimicking Humpback Whale Song for Covert Underwater Communication

Underwater Acoustic Covert Communication Based on Compressed Sensing

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