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Cyclophosphamide (CTX), a common anticancer drug, can cause a variety of side effects such as immunosuppression and intestinal mucosal injury. Polysaccharides are the major bioactive components of the roots of Millettia Speciosa Champ and have gained attention for their immunomodulatory activity. This study was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of Millettia Speciosa Champ polysaccharide (MSCP) on CTX-induced mice and the possible mechanism. The results showed that MSCP attenuated the CTX-induced decrease in body weight and immune organ indices in mice and promoted the secretion of immune-related cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and IgG). Meanwhile, MSCP restored intestinal morphology, increased the ratio of villus height/crypt depth (V/C), and improved the number of goblet cells and mucins expression. At the mRNA level, MSCP activated the TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB p65 pathway and enhanced the expression of genes related to intestinal mucosal integrity (Occludin1, Claudin1, and MUC-2). In addition, MSCP as a prebiotic improved microbial community diversity, regulated the relative abundance of dominant microbiota from the phylum level to the genus level, restored CTX-induced gut microbial dysbiosis, and promoted short-chain fatty acid production in mice. Based on the present findings, MSCP may modulate the immune response depending on enhancing intestinal health, suggesting that MSCP holds promise as a promising immunostimulant in functional foods and drugs.

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To systematically review the literature to identify the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on specific female sexual function domains. A meta-analysis was performed and the related literature were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and Web of Science databases, and in reference lists of articles and systematic reviews. Score of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used as the outcome measurement, and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Five studies were included, including 346 women with RA and 237 healthy female controls. Each domain of the FSFI score: lubrication (MD, -2.48; 95% CI, -3.69, -1.28), orgasm-1.71 (-2.09, -1.33), sexual desire-1.27 (-1.59, -0.95), satisfaction-1.67 (-2.18, -1.16), arousal-1.83 (-2.85, -0.82), pain-1.57 (-2.43, -0.70) and the total score -8.84 (-11.88, -5.79) were lower in RA women than healthy controls. Furthermore, lubrication dimension was most severely affected especially. This meta-analysis showed that female RA patients scored lower in each dimension of FSFI, mostly in the lubrication domain. It demonstrated that targeted interventions should be done to improve their sexual function. Future well-designed researches with larger sample sizes are necessary to evaluate the potential risk factors which determine female sexual dysfunction.

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SummaryTo eliminate the effect of line structure and unbalanced loads on the location of single-phase earth fault in distribution network, a new fault location method is proposed. In this method, the difference of the 2 zero mode traveling waves is taken as the criterion via injecting high voltage pulses into fault phase and nonfault phase, respectively. Through analyzing the transient response characteristic of distribution transformer and the propagation equation of traveling wave at the fault point, it is theoretically proved that the first difference of the 2 zero mode traveling waves is rooted in the reflection of the twice different incident wave of aerial mode voltage at the fault point, and further the fault location formula is obtained. The PSCADbased simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate to estimate fault distance. Also it has an excellent precision within certain extent.