Low potential biofuel cell anodes based on redox polymers with covalently bound phenothiazine derivatives for wiring flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes

Pöller, Sascha; Shao, Minling; Sygmund, Christoph; Ludwig, Roland; Schuhmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.02.083

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The combination of such a biocathode with an NAD + ‐dependent ADH‐based bioanode should provide a high OCV if a low potential redox mediator (e. g. redox dyes or quniones) is used for the oxidation of NADH at the anode. Polymer‐bound phenothiazine dyes which are reduced at rather negative potentials in a 2e − / n H + step to their corresponding leuco forms (where n is the number of transferred protons and depends on the pH value) are well known redox mediators for the regeneration of NAD +[37–43] and were used earlier for the fabrication of polymer‐based low potential bioanodes . Thus, we considered such bioanodes as promising candidates for the design of enzyme electrodes comprising NAD + ‐dependent ADH as biological selectivity element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self‐Powered Ethanol Biosensor

et al. 2017

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We describe the fabrication of a self‐powered ethanol biosensor comprising a β‐NAD+‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) bioanode and a bienzymatic alcohol oxidase (AOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) biocathode. β‐NAD+ is regenerated by means of a specifically designed phenothiazine dye (i. e. toluidine blue, TB) modified redox polymer in which TB was covalently anchored to a hexanoic acid tethered poly(4‐vinylpyridine) backbone. The redox polymer acts as an immobilization matrix for ADH. Using a carefully chosen anchoring strategy through the formation of amide bonds, the potential of the TB‐based mediator is shifted to more positive potentials, thus preventing undesired O2 reduction. To counterbalance the rather high potential of the TB‐modified polymer, and thus the bioanode, a high‐potential AOx/HRP‐based biocathode is suggested. HRP is immobilized in a direct‐electron‐transfer regime on screen‐printed graphite electrodes functionalized with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The nanostructured cathode ensures the wiring of the iron‐oxo complex within oxidized HRP, and thus a high potential for the reduction of H2O2 of about +550 mV versus Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl. The proposed biofuel cell exhibits an open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of approximately 660 mV and was used as self‐powered device for the determination of the ethanol content in liquor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self‐Powered Ethanol Biosensor

et al. 2017

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“…The use of a low potential polymer for wiring GOx at the bioanode ensures a high OCV when combined with an O 2 converting bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria ( Mv BOx, redox potential of the T1 site ≈+0.46 V vs Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl at pH 7) . The phenothiazine dye Toluidine Blue O (TB) exhibits a rather low potential of −190 mV vs Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl, pH 7 which is suitable for wiring the FAD unit within GOx . The amino group in the periphery of the aromatic core of TB (Scheme ) allows for the covalent attachment of this 2e − /H + mediator to epoxide modified polymers via a ring opening reaction (Scheme ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose oxidase (GOx) provides a very efficient and well established system for the fabrication of the bioanode (see and references therein). The FAD unit within GOx exhibits a rather low potential (≈−300 mV vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl at pH 7) and can be wired with low potential redox polymers modified with e. g. phenothiazine dyes or Os‐complexes bearing strong electron donating ligands to ensure high OCV values in corresponding biofuel cells when combined with a high potential biocathode. Moreover, the use of polymer/enzyme electrodes allows for the fabrication of biocompatible and miniaturized devices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An O₂ Tolerant Polymer/Glucose Oxidase Based Bioanode as Basis for a Self‐powered Glucose Sensor

et al. 2018

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The development of O2 tolerant glucose sensors based on the highly active and robust enzyme glucose oxidase is still a major challenge because of the competition between the natural electron acceptor O2 and free‐diffusing or polymer‐bound artificial electron acceptors. We report the fabrication of a glucose oxidase based bioanode that operates under ambient conditions. Combination of this bioanode with a bilirubin oxidase based biocathode enabled the fabrication of a glucose/O2 powered biofuel cell as integrated power source for a self‐powered device. Glucose oxidase at the anode was electrically wired via a low‐potential redox polymer, i. e. a Toluidine Blue‐modified poly(methacrylate) based polymer, that ensures a high open‐circuit voltage of the biofuel cell but also catalytically reduces O2 and hence requires a protection shield for measurements under ambient conditions. The sensing layer was deposited by means of potential pulse‐assisted co‐deposition of glucose oxidase within the redox polymer and was protected from O2 by a newly proposed lactate oxidase/catalase based O2 removal layer that was immobilized within a hydrophilic redox‐silent polymer on top of the sensing layer. The protection layer was powered by lactate, a natural component in human blood. The biofuel cell exhibited an OCV of ca. 650 mV and the power output was dependent on the glucose concentration without any interference from oxygen providing that lactate was available in the analyte solution.

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“…Thirdly, Ct CDH was directly adsorbed onto diazonium salt activated three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical carbon electrodes, in a similar manner as SWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrodes [34] . Finally, a MET design was utilised by employing a redox hydrogel based on entrapment of Myrococcum thermophilum CDH ( Mt CDH) within a two electron acceptor toluidine blue redox polymer on graphite electrodes [35] , [36] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Powered Wireless Carbohydrate/Oxygen Sensitive Biodevice Based on Radio Signal Transmission

et al. 2014

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Here for the first time, we detail self-contained (wireless and self-powered) biodevices with wireless signal transmission. Specifically, we demonstrate the operation of self-sustained carbohydrate and oxygen sensitive biodevices, consisting of a wireless electronic unit, radio transmitter and separate sensing bioelectrodes, supplied with electrical energy from a combined multi-enzyme fuel cell generating sufficient current at required voltage to power the electronics. A carbohydrate/oxygen enzymatic fuel cell was assembled by comparing the performance of a range of different bioelectrodes followed by selection of the most suitable, stable combination. Carbohydrates (viz. lactose for the demonstration) and oxygen were also chosen as bioanalytes, being important biomarkers, to demonstrate the operation of the self-contained biosensing device, employing enzyme-modified bioelectrodes to enable the actual sensing. A wireless electronic unit, consisting of a micropotentiostat, an energy harvesting module (voltage amplifier together with a capacitor), and a radio microchip, were designed to enable the biofuel cell to be used as a power supply for managing the sensing devices and for wireless data transmission. The electronic system used required current and voltages greater than 44 µA and 0.57 V, respectively to operate; which the biofuel cell was capable of providing, when placed in a carbohydrate and oxygen containing buffer. In addition, a USB based receiver and computer software were employed for proof-of concept tests of the developed biodevices. Operation of bench-top prototypes was demonstrated in buffers containing different concentrations of the analytes, showcasing that the variation in response of both carbohydrate and oxygen biosensors could be monitored wirelessly in real-time as analyte concentrations in buffers were changed, using only an enzymatic fuel cell as a power supply.

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Low potential biofuel cell anodes based on redox polymers with covalently bound phenothiazine derivatives for wiring flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

A Self‐Powered Ethanol Biosensor

A Self‐Powered Ethanol Biosensor

An O₂ Tolerant Polymer/Glucose Oxidase Based Bioanode as Basis for a Self‐powered Glucose Sensor

Self-Powered Wireless Carbohydrate/Oxygen Sensitive Biodevice Based on Radio Signal Transmission

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Low potential biofuel cell anodes based on redox polymers with covalently bound phenothiazine derivatives for wiring flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

A Self‐Powered Ethanol Biosensor

A Self‐Powered Ethanol Biosensor

An O2 Tolerant Polymer/Glucose Oxidase Based Bioanode as Basis for a Self‐powered Glucose Sensor

Self-Powered Wireless Carbohydrate/Oxygen Sensitive Biodevice Based on Radio Signal Transmission

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Product

Resources

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An O₂ Tolerant Polymer/Glucose Oxidase Based Bioanode as Basis for a Self‐powered Glucose Sensor