Low output frequency operation of the Modular Multi-Level Converter

Korn, A. J.; Winkelnkemper, M.; Steimer, P.K.

doi:10.1109/ecce.2010.5617802

Cited by 364 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Among various multilevel converter topologies [1], the modular multilevel converter (MMC) [2]- [6], offers several salient features which make it a potential candidate for various applications including high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems [7]- [9], flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controllers [10], photovoltaic generation [11], wind turbine applications [12], and motor drives [13]- [15]. The most attractive features of an MMC are (i) its modularity and scalability to different power and voltage levels, and (ii) its relatively simple capacitor voltage balancing task [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inclusion of a higher frequency circulating current component in coordination with a zero-sequence injection to the reference signals helps attenuate the low frequency ripples in the capacitor voltages [13]- [15]. However, this high frequency zero-sequence signal may produce a zero-sequence current depending on the application and grounding connection of the MMC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injection of larger arm voltages for the control of the circulating currents due to the higher impedance of the arm inductors at this frequency is required. This is why the method in [13]- [15] is especially interesting for motor drive applications when the motor operates at a low speed/frequency, and it not convenient for grid-connected applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Circulating Current Injection Methods Based on Instantaneous Information for the Modular Multilevel Converter

Pou¹,

Ceballos

Konstantinou

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

351

209

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Abstract-This paper studies different circulating current references for the modular multilevel converter (MMC). The circulating current references are obtained from the instantaneous values of the output current and modulation signal of the phase-leg. Therefore, determination of the amplitude and phase of the output current is not needed, which is a significant improvement compared to other methods such as those based on injecting specific harmonics in the circulating currents. Among the different methods studied in this paper, a new method is introduced, which is able to reduce the capacitor voltage ripples compared to the other methods. A closed-loop control is also proposed which is able to track the circulating current references. With the discussed methods the average values of the capacitor voltages are maintained at their reference while the voltage ripples are kept low. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed and discussed methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Circulating Current Injection Methods Based on Instantaneous Information for the Modular Multilevel Converter

Pou¹,

Ceballos

Konstantinou

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

351

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nevertheless, in high power applications, inherent voltage scalability and design modularity are resulting in reevaluation of the competitiveness of some well established technologies, such as Line Commutated Inverters (LCIs) and VSCs. In addition to HVDC, other applications where MMCs are being considered or envisioned, are FACTS [2], grid interties [3], STATCOMs [4], MV drives [5], DC electric ships [6], etc. Motivation for the work presented in this paper comes from an increased interest in emerging concepts of Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) distribution grids [7], and lack of suitable conversion technology (preferably with galvanic isolation).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

State-space modeling of modular multilevel converters including line frequency transformer

Christe

Dujić

2015

2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)

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This paper presents a detailed state-space modeling of a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) in combination with line frequency transformer (LFT). The classical MMC topology is compared with the recently proposed Open-End Winding MMC (OEWMMC) topology, which integrates the LFT in the converter arm. The line frequency transformer parameters are added in the model, some of which are often neglected in the available literature. Both models are verified and compared by means of numerical simulations in open-loop. Despite integration attractiveness offered by the OEWMMC topology, there are also some inherent drawbacks affecting the overall system sizing that are discussed in the paper.

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“…Most of them are based on combining the injection of a high frequency component in the circulating current and the use of a zerosequence signal [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discontinuous modulation of modular multilevel converters without the need for extra submodules

Picas

Ceballos

Pou

et al. 2015

IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Abstract-In this paper, a new approach to the discontinuous modulation technique for the operation of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is presented. Discontinuous modulation is based on adding a zero-sequence to the original modulation signals so that each MMC arm is clamped to the upper or lower terminals of the dc-link bus during some intervals. In combination with a circulating current control, the original discontinuous modulation can reduce the capacitor voltage ripple amplitudes and the switching power losses. However, additional submodules (SMs) are required to control the circulating current. This new approach presents a clamping algorithm that eliminates the requirement of additional SMs. As a result, the conduction losses are reduced while the capacitor voltage ripples are maintained low. Simulation and experimental results on a silicon-carbidebased MMC are reported and compared against the original discontinuous modulation and a conventional carrier-based pulsewidth modulation.

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Low output frequency operation of the Modular Multi-Level Converter

Cited by 364 publications

References 6 publications

Circulating Current Injection Methods Based on Instantaneous Information for the Modular Multilevel Converter

Circulating Current Injection Methods Based on Instantaneous Information for the Modular Multilevel Converter

State-space modeling of modular multilevel converters including line frequency transformer

Discontinuous modulation of modular multilevel converters without the need for extra submodules

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