Circulating Current Injection Methods Based on Instantaneous Information for the Modular Multilevel Converter

Pou, Josep; Ceballos, Salvador; Konstantinou, Georgios; Agelidis, Vassilios G.; Picas, Ricard; Zaragoza, Jordi

doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2336608

Cited by 350 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Arm currents of an MMC phase-leg contain i) a dccomponent, ii) a fundamental frequency component (corresponding to 50% of the phase current), and iii) higher order harmonic currents which are usually suppressed by the circulating current controller. The two circulating current control methods used in the analysis are the double-frequency rotating reference frame-based circulating current suppressing control (CCSC) [19] and the stationary reference frame-based forced circulating current control (FCCC) [20] shown in Fig. 12.…”

Section: Arm Current Controllersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Multilevel Converter DC Fault Protection

Cwikowski

Wickramasinghe

Konstantinou

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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-High voltage direct current grids will require the development of dc protections that provide fast fault isolation and minimize the disturbance caused to the existing ac power networks. This paper investigates how the dc fault recovery performance of a half-bridge modular multilevel converter (HB-MMC) is impacted by different dc protection design choices. A HB-MMC point-to-point HVDC system that is protected with dc circuit breakers (CBs) is simulated on a real time digital simulator (RTDS) using detailed switch models of the converters and switch gear. A dc CB controller has been developed and implemented in a software-in-the-loop fashion, and has been made available free for download. A novel blocking scheme for the HB-MMC is proposed, which limits the prospective dc-side fault current, benefiting dc switch gear. A comparison of circulating current controllers shows that the standard dq controller is likely to be unsuitable for fault studies. Finally, benchmarking shows that a 48% reduction in power flow recovery time and a 90% reduction in the energy dissipated in the circuit breaker can be achieved, along with other benefits, depending on the protection design.Index Terms -HVDC, RTDS, protection, dc circuit breaker voltage-source converter, modular multilevel, ac grid impact.

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Section: Arm Current Controllersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Multilevel Converter DC Fault Protection

Cwikowski

Wickramasinghe

Konstantinou

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…The energy stored in the upper and the lower arm are equalized [21]. The current controllers are designed following the technical optimum principle [22].…”

Section: Control and Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis and Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converters in HVDC Applications

Hahn

Andresen

Buticchi

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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Abstract-The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a very attractive solution for interfacing high voltages in hybrid networks. The MMC enables scalability to different power levels, full controllability provided by IGBTs and can achieve very high efficiencies by using a low switching frequency method as the nearest level modulation. However, the nearest level modulation requires a capacitor voltage balancing algorithm, which can result in unbalanced loading for the power semiconductors in the different submodules. Particularly at low power factor operation, which could occur in case of low-voltage ride through and of reactive power injection, the conventional algorithm is not effective anymore. This article provides thermal stress analysis of the MMC in operation and proposes a thermal balancing approach, which is embedded in the capacitor voltage balancing algorithm. The purpose of the thermal balancing is to achieve similar stress distribution among the different submodules to enhance the lifetime. The junction temperatures in the different submodules are studied for HVDC applications and the article proves experimentally, that the thermal balance within the submodules is significantly improved.

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“…The output circulating voltage is added to the upper and lower phase-arm voltages to calculate the total upper and lower arm voltage references. These are sent to the modulation strategy block [13,14]. o Modulation strategy.…”

Section: Converter Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open access simulation toolbox for the grid connection of offshore wind farms using multi-terminal HVDC networks

Ugalde‐Loo¹,

Adeuyi²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2017)

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/61139/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the AbstractDecarbonisation of the European electricity system can become dauntingly costly due to transmission and distribution network issues arising from the integration of intermittent renewable generation sources. It is expected that wind energy will be the principal renewable source by 2050 and, as such, a number of initiatives in the academia and in the industry are being carried out to propose solutions to best accommodate the wind resource. This paper presents work carried out by DEMO 1 partners within the EU FP7 project BEST PATHS. A MATLAB/Simulink toolbox consisting of the necessary building blocks for the simulation and integration of offshore wind farms using enabling technologies such as multiterminal high-voltage direct-current grids is presented. To illustrate the toolbox capabilities, a number of system topologies is studied. System performance is assessed and measured against a set of key performance indicators. To ensure knowledge dissemination, the toolbox has been made available as open access in the BEST PATHS project website.

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Circulating Current Injection Methods Based on Instantaneous Information for the Modular Multilevel Converter

Cited by 350 publications

References 29 publications

Modular Multilevel Converter DC Fault Protection

Modular Multilevel Converter DC Fault Protection

Thermal Analysis and Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converters in HVDC Applications

Open access simulation toolbox for the grid connection of offshore wind farms using multi-terminal HVDC networks

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