Low‐energy electron beam‐induced cationic polymerization with onium salts

Boey, Freddy; Chia, N. K.; Rath, Santosh Kumar; Abadie, M. J. M.

doi:10.1002/app.2166.abs

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Once initiated, curing continues spontaneously long after exposure to UV radiation has been stopped. The same phenomenon has also been reported for cationic polymerization using electron beam curing 2…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Cure kinetics for the ultraviolet cationic polymerization of cycloliphatic and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy systems with sulfonium salt using an auto catalytic model

Abadie

Chia

Boey

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This paper investigates the cure kinetics for the ultraviolet (UV) cationic polymerization for both a cycloaliphatic and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy system, using the photoinitiator triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salt. Using an autocatalytic kinetic cure model, the reaction rate values for both cycloaliphatic and DGEBA epoxy systems were determined for different photoinitiator amount (wt %) added, and at different UV exposure temperatures. The value for the cycloaliphatic epoxy increased significantly with addition of the sulfonium salt, reaching a limiting maximum after 2%. The value for the DGEBA epoxy system also increased, to a limiting maximum after 3%. Addition of the sulfonium salt significantly lowered the activation energy for the cycloaliphatic epoxy at all levels of addition, with the reduction proportional to the amount of salt added. In contrast, the sulfonium salt did not have a major effect on the DEGBA until the addition of at least 3% of the salt.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Typical onium‐based epoxy systems respond throughout the UV‐near visible spectral region. The mechanisms for cationic‐based cure initiation and propagation have been discussed in earlier publications 2–6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure kinetics for the ultraviolet cationic polymerization of cycloliphatic and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy systems with sulfonium salt using an auto catalytic model

Abadie

Chia

Boey

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Cationic polymerization has been shown to be applicable to important classes of monomers including epoxies such as the cycloaliphatic epoxies and SU8, a high functionality epoxy-based negative photoresist material that has been extensively used in the photolithographic fabrication of microelectronics machine systems (MEMS). [5][6][7][8][9] These monomers exhibit very low vapor pressures, relatively low viscosities, and negligible toxicity, but polymerize very rapidly to form films that exhibit excellent clarity, adhesion, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous report with e-beam curing of the cycloaliphatic epoxy using these two salts as photoinitiators has established the same conclusion. 8 Figures 9 and 10 present plots of the reaction constant k versus the photoinitiator concentration for the cycloaliphatic epoxy monomer, using both sulfonium and iodonium salts, respectively. In this case, it is seen that both sulfonium and iodonium salts work well to increase the reaction constant, though generally the sulfonium salt appears to be more effective.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cationic UV cure kinetics for multifunctional epoxies

Boey

Rath

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two epoxy monomers with widely different functionalities ( f ϭ 2 and f ϭ 8) were selected for the study and comparison of photocuring kinetics, in the presence of two different photoinitiators. It has been observed that for the same photoinitiator, the optimum concentration is lower for the epoxy monomer with a lower functionality. In terms of photoinitiation efficiency, the photoinitiator based on aromatic sulfonium salts has been determined to be a better candidate.

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“…The use of radiation curing has been shown to give faster cure rates. This includes the use of microwave curing [19][20][21], UV [22][23] and ebeam [24][25][26] for curing of thin film thermosetting polymers have been shown to give practical and effective advantages [19][20][21]. N-acryloylmorpholine shows a capability to dissolve traditional BMI with high concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV curing of a liquid based bismaleimide-containing polymer system

Fan¹,

Boey²,

Abadie³

2007

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A new liquid formulation of commercial bismaleimide and n-acryloylmorpholine was prepared that could be UV cured as an alternative to traditional thermal cure methods presently used for BMI in the industry. UV curing was shown to be an efficient method which promoted the reaction rate significantly and was able to achieve this at low temperatures (30-50°C). A free radical polymerization approach has been used to explain the cure mechanism and cure kinetics, using data elucidated from the DPC and FTIR. The cured thin film was shown to achieve very high thermal stability (~400°C), with the BMI shown to retard the thermal degradation temperature and rate.

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Low‐energy electron beam‐induced cationic polymerization with onium salts

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Cure kinetics for the ultraviolet cationic polymerization of cycloliphatic and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy systems with sulfonium salt using an auto catalytic model

Cure kinetics for the ultraviolet cationic polymerization of cycloliphatic and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy systems with sulfonium salt using an auto catalytic model

Cationic UV cure kinetics for multifunctional epoxies

UV curing of a liquid based bismaleimide-containing polymer system

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