UV curing of a liquid based bismaleimide-containing polymer system

Fan, Shiliang; Boey, Freddy; Abadie, M. J. M.

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2007.56

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The complicated structure attained due to the polymerization of different double bonds present in DAX, DMAX and DCNX and the lowering of the concentration of the AX, MAX and CNX in the NVP diluted systems lead to lesser cross-links. The thermal stability of the UV-cured liquid-based BMI acryloylmorpholine was studied in detail by Fan et al 33 Addition of BMI decreases the degradation temperature of the polymer but the char value is found to increase. The addition of BMI resulted in the production of oligomers in the process, which impaired the thermal stability of the polymer, resulting in a lower degradation temperature.…”

Section: Tg and Dtg Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron beam curing of functionalized N-(4-hydroxy phenyl)maleimide monomers

Gnanasekar¹,

Sarma

Varshney

et al. 2014

High Performance Polymers

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Electron beam (E-beam) curing by different total radiation doses (100, 200, 300 and 400 kGy at 10 kGy per pass) of functionalized maleimides (20%) [ N-(4-acryloyloxy phenyl)maleimide, N-(4-methacryloyloxy phenyl)maleimide and N-(4-cyanato phenyl)maleimide] is carried out using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as the reactive diluent (80%). The swelling studies indicate the presence of highly cross-linked structure in the polymer derived from cyanate-functionalized maleimide cured using 400 kGy electron beam (E-beam) irradiation. The thermal stabilities of all the polymers are studied using thermogravimetric analyzer. The materials cured using the highest radiation dose (400 kGy) are found to have better thermal stability compared to other materials cured using lower doses (100, 200 and 300 kGy at 10 kGy per pass). The degradation kinetic studies using the Vyazovkin method showed that the activation energies for the thermal degradation of polymeric materials got by E-beam irradiation of the monomers at 400 kGy are higher. Of all the materials investigated, liquid composition having N-(4-cyanato phenyl)maleimide (20%) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (80%) cured by E-beam radiation (400 kGy) showed better thermal stability.

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Section: Tg and Dtg Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron beam curing of functionalized N-(4-hydroxy phenyl)maleimide monomers

Gnanasekar¹,

Sarma

Varshney

et al. 2014

High Performance Polymers

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“…52 The absorption at 1614 cm −1 , representing the C�C stretching vibration of AMP has almost disappeared after irradiation. 42 The peak height attributed to the �C−H out of plane bending vibration of AMP at wavenumber 980 cm −1 decreased in the FT-IR spectrum of the polymer.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A decrease of T 5% and T 10% in the maleimide−acrylate comonomers with the addition of maleimide was previously observed. 42 At the same time, it was revealed that the phthalonitrile-containing polymers lose much less weight during thermal aging in air at 300 °C for 20 h (1.7% against 16.2% (see Table 4). However, the SEM images of 3D printed AMPN40 after aging at 300 °C for 20 h revealed the formation of microcracks between the 3D-printed layers and cracks in some areas of the part possibly due to shrinkage in the areas with the highest tension (Figure S14).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Heat-Resistant Phthalonitrile-Based Resins for 3D Printing via Vat Photopolymerization

Nechausov

Aleksanova

Morozov

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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In this study, a maleimide/phthalonitrile bifunctional monomer PNB-M was used in vat photopolymerization via the maleimide group to obtain phthalonitrile-containing polymers suitable for further thermal postcuring. A high concentration (40 wt %) and low viscosity (less than 500 mPa·s at 25 °C) photopolymer resin was prepared from the phthalonitrile monomer PNB-M with 4-acryloylmorpholine as comonomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross-linker. Photo-DSC, NMR, and FTIR tests revealed free-radical photoinduced copolymerization of the maleimide with the acrylic groups during 3D printing. Postprinting thermal curing of the phthalonitrile groups was performed with different curing agents as well as via self-initiation by PNB-M. The developed phthalonitrile-containing polymerizable compositions made it possible to increase glass transition temperatures of the 3D printed polymer materials up to 351 °C after additional thermal postcuring. Moreover, mechanical properties of the 3D printed materials have been improved after curing of the phthalonitrile monomer in the maleimide–acrylate copolymer.

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“…Various ways of studying curing reactions have been reported in the literature: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for monitoring polymerization reactions has become increasingly popular since the late 1990s . Other examples include Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] Other examples include Raman spectroscopy 25 and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). [26][27][28][29][30][31] FTIR spectroscopy is a very convenient method for monitoring the curing reaction, as it is fast, easy, and broadly applicable. The intensities of the bands corresponding to the reactive double bonds are considered in order to follow the curing reaction, while the decrease in absorption band area is used to assess the degree of curing α according to:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure kinetics of bismaleimides as basis for polyimide‐like inks for PolyJet™‐3D‐printing

Wagner

Gouzman²,

Atar³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Since polyimides are well known for their excellent chemical and thermal stability and outstanding mechanical properties there is increasing interest in developing polyimide-based inks to produce additively manufactured parts with properties superior to those of currently available materials. Usage of bismaleimides (BMI) as precursors allows polyimides to be fabricated via PolyJet™ printing (Stratasys Ltd., Rehovot, Israel). Characterization of the curing kinetics is a central part of process development, as fast curing initiated by UV light is desired. Here, a comprehensive study of thermal and UV curing of BMI oligomers with various molecular weights and chemical structures is presented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy serves as a tool for determining the curing degree. Furthermore, an estimation of the activation energy for thermal curing is performed. UV curing of the selected BMIs leads to highly crosslinked, thermoset polymers with excellent chemical resistance and thermal stability which are of great interest for PolyJet™ 3D printing.

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UV curing of a liquid based bismaleimide-containing polymer system

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Electron beam curing of functionalized N-(4-hydroxy phenyl)maleimide monomers

Electron beam curing of functionalized N-(4-hydroxy phenyl)maleimide monomers

Heat-Resistant Phthalonitrile-Based Resins for 3D Printing via Vat Photopolymerization

Cure kinetics of bismaleimides as basis for polyimide‐like inks for PolyJet™‐3D‐printing

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