Low-Cost Chemical Sensing Platform With Organic Polymer Functionalization

Kaisti, Matti; Knuutila, Aapo; Boeva, Zhanna A.; Kvarnström, Carita; Levón, Kalle

doi:10.1109/led.2015.2445371

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the measurements in the electrolyte solution can be performed at a large distance from the gate electrode of the MOSFET due to the presence of separate sensing electrode, which allows separation of the wet and dry environment. [ 291 ] The advantages of EGFET are simple packaging, cost‐effective sensing electrode, design flexibility, and simpler structure compared to ISFET. Moreover, the sensing electrode is easily replaceable and thus suitable for PoC devices.…”

Section: Fet‐based Microsensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of FET‐based pH sensors: materials, fabrication technologies, and modeling

Sinha

Pal

2021

Electrochemical Science Adv

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The demand for miniaturized point‐of‐care chemical/biochemical sensors has driven the development of field‐effect transistors (FETs) based pH sensors over the last 50 years. This paper aims to review the fabrication technologies, device structures, sensing film materials, and modeling techniques utilized for FET‐based pH sensors. We present the governing principles of potentiometric sensors, with major focus on the working principles of ion‐sensitive FETs (ISFETs). We extensively review different sensing film materials deposited by various techniques, which is critical to the sensing performance of ISFETs. The popular fabrication technologies have been presented, with special emphasis on state‐of‐the‐art silicon‐on‐insulator based technology, which can achieve high sensitivity by utilizing the dual‐gate effect. Furthermore, recent advancements in nano‐ISFETs has been elucidated. We also discuss the adoption of unmodified complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ISFETs using standard CMOS processes, which has enabled the fabrication of integrated ISFET arrays, which are especially suited for ion‐imaging applications. Moreover, recent developments in extended‐gate FETs has been discussed, which have gained lot of attention due to their design flexibility and ease of fabrication, which is desirable for wearable sensing applications. In addition, recently there have been efforts to utilize nonsilicon channel materials for pH‐sensing application to obtain superior performance and various channel materials have been reviewed. Finally, we have extensively reviewed the ISFET device modeling and simulation techniques using various computer‐aided design tools, which aid in sensor design and characterization.

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Section: Fet‐based Microsensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of FET‐based pH sensors: materials, fabrication technologies, and modeling

Sinha

Pal

2021

Electrochemical Science Adv

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“…We have described a platform with the same basic principle earlier. 18 Design of the Universal Detector. Figure 2B shows the block diagram of the power generation.…”

Section: ■ Electrical Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The platform can be manufactured fully in a commercial manufacturing processes. We have described a platform with the same basic principle earlier …”

Section: Electrical Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The custom platform is designed to measure two spots in the same sample simultaneously, but the technology allows far greater parallel sensing and multiplexing. The platform explicitly uses a discrete MOSFET with an extended gate structure. , This allows a low-cost solution that can be easily modified to different applications and avoids drift issues, self-referencing, and encapsulation issues found in CMOS based solutions ,− The FETs are biased in a low-power mode with a direct relationship between the changes in the interfacial potential and the output. The output signal is digitized and coupled to a smartphone which readily allows the connection to a mobile network and access to cloud services and shared databases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hand-Held Transistor Based Electrical and Multiplexed Chemical Sensing System

et al. 2016

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We describe a hand-held sensing system using a transistor based multiplexed platform and a detector that couples the electrochemical information wirelessly to a smartphone. The custom disposable platform exploits the ion-sensitive FET (ISFET) technology. Via simple surface modifications the design allows a broad range of analytes to be tested with low cost. We compared our read-out device to a commercial potentiometer using K+ as an example species analyte. The developed sensing system has a slightly better limit of detection and is notably less susceptible to external noise which is commonly observed with potentiometers. The designed platform is fabricated using standard electronic processes with gold surface and we used commercial discrete transistors as the transducing element. It can be mass produced with high yield and low cost. To circumvent the drift that typically occurs with modified solid state electrodes we incorporated a transducing layer between the electric conductor (gold pad) and the ionically conducting ion-selective membrane. The polyaniline doped with dinonylnaphtalene sulfonic acid (PANI-DNNSA) was used as a transducing layer for the first time. The PANI-DNNSA layer significantly reduces the drift of the electrodes compared to a configuration without the transducing layer. The system is easy to use with a transistor based detection that can be modified for a vast variety of existing potentiometric tests.

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“…The developed extended-gate DNA-FET sensor has a commercial discrete transistor as a transducing element. The gate of this MOSFET is extended with gold trace to the sensing pad 23 . This gold pad was functionalized with PNA probes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time wash-free detection of unlabeled PNA-DNA hybridization using discrete FET sensor

Kaisti

Kerko

Aarikka

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate an electrochemical sensor for detection of unlabeled single-stranded DNA using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes coupled to the field-effect transistor (FET) gate. The label-free detection relies on the intrinsic charge of the DNA backbone. Similar detection schemes have mainly concentrated on sensitivity improvement with an emphasis on new sensor structures. Our approach focuses on using an extended-gate that separates the FET and the sensing electrode yielding a simple and mass fabricable device. We used PNA probes for efficient hybridization in low salt conditions that is required to avoid the counter ion screening. As a result, significant part of the target DNA lies within the screening length of the sensor. With this, we achieved a wash-free detection where typical gate potential shifts are more than 70 mV with 1 µM target DNA. We routinely obtained a real-time, label- and wash-free specific detection of target DNA in nanomolar concentration with low-cost electronics and the responses were achieved within minutes after introducing targets to the solution. Furthermore, the results suggest that the sensor performance is limited by specificity rather than by sensitivity and using low-cost electronics does not limit the sensor performance in the presented sensor configuration.

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Low-Cost Chemical Sensing Platform With Organic Polymer Functionalization

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

A comprehensive review of FET‐based pH sensors: materials, fabrication technologies, and modeling

A comprehensive review of FET‐based pH sensors: materials, fabrication technologies, and modeling

Hand-Held Transistor Based Electrical and Multiplexed Chemical Sensing System

Real-time wash-free detection of unlabeled PNA-DNA hybridization using discrete FET sensor

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