Low appendicular muscle mass is correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density loss in postmenopausal women

Abstract

BackgroundAfter menopause, rapid bone mass loss occurs in response to hypoestrogenism. Several studies suggest that muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) are positively associated in postmenopausal women. Therefore, it may be assumed that postmenopausal low appendicular muscle mass (aMM) can increase BMD loss in a short period of time.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess relationship of aMM with femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women.MethodsProspective, controlled clinical Trial including 64 women aged 45-70 years, who had not had their last menstruation for at least one year. Subjects were divided into two groups: low aMM (n = 32), and normal aMM (n-32). Femoral neck BMD and muscle mass were measured by DXA at baseline and after twelve months. Pairwise and independent t tests were used for data analysis.ResultsBaseline weight, BMI and muscle mass (total and appendicular) significantly differ between groups (p < 0.05). After twelve months, femoral neck BMD was significantly lower in the group with low aMM, whereas no significant difference was observed in the group with normal aMM (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn postmenopausal women, low appendicular muscle mass is associated negatively with femoral neck BMD in a short period of time.

Combined Training (Aerobic Plus Strength) Potentiates a Reduction in Body Fat but Demonstrates No Difference on the Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women When Compared With Aerobic Training With a Similar Training Load

“…M enopause is related to important changes in body composition, such as a decrease in lean body mass (24) and increased fat mass (FM), especially in the trunk region, favoring an overweight/obese frame (21). Changes in body composition, especially the redistribution of fat in different adipose tissue deposits, promote the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation (25).…”

The effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function among postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Lack of muscle mass and muscle strength occurs as important organic changes by aging and is remarkably associated with an elevated risk of falls and subsequent osteoporotic fractures, besides this severely influences the potential of movement (Orsatti et al, 2011[26]; Muir and Montero-Odasso, 2011[25]). Vitamin D deficiency is common among older populations worldwide, as more than 60 % of postmenopausal women are vitamin D deficient, regardless of other nutrient deficiencies (Rizzoli et al, 2006[30]; Holick, 2007[20]; Han et al, 2018[17]).…”

Impact of First 10 Years of Post Menopause on Muscle Function, Muscle Mass and Bone Mineral Density in Adult Women

“…In this context, the femoral neck BMD varies each 0.16% per kilogramme change in weight [2]. Thus, the prevalence of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women decreases from 50% for BMI < 20 km/cm 2 to 29.8% for BMI > 25 km/cm 2 [20].…”