Combined Training (Aerobic Plus Strength) Potentiates a Reduction in Body Fat but Demonstrates No Difference on the Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women When Compared With Aerobic Training With a Similar Training Load

Abstract

Junior, IF. Combined training (aerobic plus strength) potentiates a reduction in body fat but demonstrates no difference on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women when compared with aerobic training with a similar training load. J Strength Cond Res 30(1): 226-234, 2016-The aim of this study was to verify the effects of aerobic and combined training on the body composition and lipid profile of obese postmenopausal women and to analyze which of these models is more effective after equalizing the training load. Sixty-five postmenopausal women (age = 61.0 6 6.3 years) were divided into 3 groups: aerobic training (AT, n = 15), combined training (CT [strength + aerobic], n = 32), and control group (CG, n = 18). Their body composition upper body fat (TF), fat mass (FM), percentage of FM, and fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The lipid profile, total cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were assessed. There was a statistically significant difference in the TF (AT = 24.4%, CT = 24.4%, and CG = 1.0%, p = 0.001) and FFM (AT = 1.7%, CT = 2.6%, and CG = 21.4%, p = 0.0001) between the experimental and the control groups. Regarding the percentage of body fat, there was a statistically significant difference only between the CT and CG groups (AT = 22.8%, CT = 23.9%, and CG = 0.31%; p = 0.004). When training loads were equalized, the aerobic and combined training decreased core fat and increased FFM, but only the combined training potentiated a reduction in percentage of body fat in obese postmenopausal women after the training program. High-density lipoprotein-c levels increased in the combined group, and the chol/HDL ratio (atherogenic index) decreased in the aerobic group; however, there were no significant differences between the intervention programs. Taken together, both the exercise training programs were effective for improving body composition and inducing an antiatherogenic status.

Exercício Físico Como Tratamento Não Farmacológico Para a Melhora Da Saúde Pós-Menopausa

“…Assim, em recente estudo Rossi et al 22 encontraram, após equalizar as cargas de treinamento pelo método de impulso de treinamento (TRIMP) levando em consideração a percepção subjetiva de esforço, que oito semanas de treinamento aeróbico isolado e aeró-bico e resistido combinados são eficazes em melhorar a composição corporal, todavia, apenas o treinamento combinado potencializou a diminuição do percentual de gordura. Além disso, ambas as modalidades de treinamento apresentaram melhoria no perfil lipídico, umas vez que o treinamento combinado aumentou as concentrações de HDL-c, e o aeróbico diminuiu o índice aterogênico.…”

“…Além disso, ambas as modalidades de treinamento apresentaram melhoria no perfil lipídico, umas vez que o treinamento combinado aumentou as concentrações de HDL-c, e o aeróbico diminuiu o índice aterogênico. Dessa forma, diferentemente da maioria dos estudos que compararam modalidades de treinamento sem equalização de carga e concluíram que o treinamento combinado é mais eficaz, Rossi et al 22 concluíram que, quando equiparadas as cargas, ambas modalidades apresentam resultados similares na composição corporal e perfil lipídico. Esses estudos supracitados estipularam o tempo de intervenção em curta e média duração e encontraram resultados promissores.…”

“…Diante das alterações observadas, algumas estratégias vêm sendo utilizadas na tentativa de minimizar os efeitos adversos ocasionados durante a pós-menopausa, como as farmacológicas e, de forma promissora, o treinamento físico. Neste último, diversos protocolos de treinamento têm sido realizados: aeróbico [10][11][12] , resistido [13][14][15][16] funcional 17,18 e combinado [19][20][21][22] . Apesar dos benefícios do exercício físico serem bastante investigados em mulheres na pós-menopausa, não está claro, todavia, qual dos modelos de exercício é mais efetivo em reduzir gordura corporal, aumentar a massa corporal magra e melhorar o perfil metabólico em mulheres nessa fase da vida.…”

Combined training (strength plus aerobic) potentiates a reduction in body fat but only functional training reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women with a similar training load

“…Several studies from our group had showed the benefits of different kinds of training on the body composition and metabolic profile in postmenopausal women (Diniz et al, 2016; Neves et al, 2017; Rossi et al, 2013; Rossi et al, 2015; Rossi et al, 2016). Diniz et al (2016) demonstrated that only 8 weeks of aerobic training prescribed by the critical velocity was sufficient in reduced total FM, percentage of fat and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in postmenopausal women.…”

Irisin Signaling Pathway is up Regulated by Resistance Training in Ovariectomized Rats

“…Physical exercise can be used as an intervention to improve the health of postmenopausal women given that that Resistance Training (RT) has been associated to decreases in fat mass and increases in lean body mass to prevent sarcopenia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity [9][10][11][12][13][14]. These benefits occur in part because skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ and exercise stimulates skeletal muscle to produce and release myokines, which have endocrine functions [15].…”