Long‐Term Effects of Aerobic Plus Resistance Training on the Metabolic Syndrome and Adiponectinemia in Obese Adolescents

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is an emerging clinical problem and different kinds of interventions have emphasized that healthy eating and exercise are crucial to its control. The aim of this study was to identify whether aerobic training plus resistance training (AT+RT) is more effective than AT on improving features of the metabolic syndrome and adiponectinemia in obese adolescents. A total of 30 adolescents (aged 15-19 years, body mass index !95 percentile) were enrolled in the program. All patients were diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome and submitted to 1 year of interdisciplinary intervention. They were divided into two groups: AT (n=15) and AT+RT (n=15). Blood samples were collected to analyze glycemia and lipid profiles. Adiponectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. After short-and long-term intervention, both groups presented a significant reduction in body mass, body mass index, fat mass, and visceral fat. Indeed, the AT+RT group had significantly higher changes throughout the intervention in body composition, total cholesterol, waist circumference, glucose, and adiponectin. Although important clinical parameters were ameliorated with AT, the AT+RT group showed more effective improvements in metabolic profiles and adiponectinemia. These findings suggest a clinical role of AT+RT in the control of metabolic syndrome in pediatric populations. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:343-350. Ó2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Physical inactivity in adolescence strongly and independently predicts obesity and favors the development of a self-perpetuating vicious cycle of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Not surprisingly, physical activity should be a major target of obesity prevention in the young. 1Childhood obesity has continued to escalate despite considerable efforts to reverse the current trends. Childhood obesity represents a public health concern because overweight-obese youth experience comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, which are conditions that were once considered to be limited to adults. 2-4Although mounting evidence in adults has demonstrated the benefits of regular physical activity as a treatment strategy for abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk, the specific role of aerobics combined with resistance training (RT) is unclear in adolescents with the metabolic syndrome. 2,5Several randomized controlled studies have suggested that aerobic training (AT) is a better therapeutic coadjuvant to treat youth obesity and metabolic syndrome than RT alone.6-8 However, evidence regarding the effects of AT+RT on the control of metabolic syndrome is lacking and demands further investigation.Recently, studies have demonstrated that the metabolic syndrome represented a constellation of metabolically altered parameters that could lead to a chronic inflammatory process during adolescence and adulthood.4,9...

Multidisciplinary programs for obesity treatment in Brazil: A systematic review

“…Freitas et al 19 Gomes et al 20 Leite et al 21 Mello et al 22 Piano et al 23 Piano et al 24 Poeta et al 25 Prado et al 26 Prado et al 27 Ribeiro et al…”

“…All interventions were monitored by a physical education professional or a physiotherapist 33 and involved a physical exercise program. The participation of a nutritionist in all 5 Fayh et al 8 Silva et al 9 Ackel-D'Elia et al 11 Bianchini et al 12 Campos et al 13 Campos et al 14 Caranti et al 15 Dâmaso et al 16 Farah et al 17 Fayh et al 18 Freitas et al 19 Gomes et al 20 Leite et al 21 Mello et al 22 Piano et al 23 Piano et al 24 Poeta et al 25 Prado et al 26 Prado et al 27 Ribeiro et al 28 Romeiro et al 29 Sanches et al 30 Sapienza et al 31 Silva et al 32 Silveira et al Table 2. Intervention overall results according to the main outcomes in participants aged less than 20 years.…”

“…Sanches et al 30 Sapienza et al 31 Silva et al 32 Silveira et al 33 ↓TBM;↓BMI ↓BF (%); 5,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]19,[22][23][24]26,[30][31][32][33] , 19 articles reported the participation of a doctor 5,[11][12][13][14][15]17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]30,31,33 , and only 1 reported the participation of a nurse 11 , and a physiologist 21 . Seventeen studies 5,[11][12][13][14][15]17,…”

“…Seventeen studies 5,[11][12][13][14][15]17,[19][20][21][22][23][24]26,30,31,33 involved the widest range of health fields (physical education, nutrition, psychology, and medicine).…”

ADRB2 Gln27Glu polymorphism influenced changes in leptin but not body composition or metabolic and other inflammatory parameters after twelve weeks of combined training in overweight adolescents

“…In the treatment of obese adolescents, combined exercises has been used with excellent metabolic 20 and inflammatory responses 14 and seems to more effective in improving the visceral fat than aerobic training alone 21 , and induce the same effects in fitness that isolated aerobic and resistance training do 22 . Nevertheless, the impact that the Glu27 allele may have on inflammatory parameters in response to combined training have not been assessed.…”