Local political corruption and M&As

A review of research and application of polylactic acid composites

“…PLA offers many advantages such as complete degradability (PLA breaks down to CO 2 and H 2 O in the natural environment); good biocompatibility (PLA is hydrolyzed in living organisms to LA, which can be further broken down by enzymes in the body); high transparency, modulus and strength comparable to many petroleum‐based plastics. In terms of flame retardancy, pure PLA has an ultimate oxygen index of only 18%, a vertical combustion test rating of no grade, and is extremely flammable in air with severe molten droplets 29 ; in terms of mechanical properties, PLA has a Young's modulus of about 4% at room temperature, a tensile strength between 50 and 70 MPa, an elongation at break of about 4%, and an impact strength close to 2.5 kJ/m 2 30 . The side group of PLA is methyl (CH 3 ) which is spatially shielded and hydrophobic, which makes PLA highly water resistant 31,32 .…”

Government–Business Relations and Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from China*

“…2020; Liu et al . 2021). In China, local governments have direct control over a large number of rare resources (such as land, bank loans, and energy) necessary for the development of enterprises (Xu 2011; Liu et al .…”

“…In China, local governments have direct control over a large number of rare resources (such as land, bank loans, and energy) necessary for the development of enterprises (Xu 2011; Liu et al . 2021), rendering the relationship between them unequal. In addition, local governments can extort enterprises through convoluted regulations and targeted taxation (McChesney 1987).…”

“…Political corruption is a common phenomenon in both developed countries (represented by the United States) and developing countries (represented by China) (Nguyen et al 2020;Liu et al 2021). In China, local governments have direct control over a large number of rare resources (such as land, bank loans, and energy) necessary for the development of enterprises (Xu 2011;Liu et al 2021), rendering the relationship between them unequal. In addition, local governments can extort enterprises through convoluted regulations and targeted taxation (McChesney 1987).…”

The Impact of Giving Remissions on Criminal Acts of Corruption in Sociological Perspective

“…Starting from this case, China is committed to continuing to take firm action against the perpetrators of corruption in their country. [3] Other corruption cases have also occurred in Malaysia, and the settlement of cases is not much different from that of China. The sentence imposed on a person or group who is proven to have committed a criminal act of corruption in the neighboring country must be sentenced to hanging.…”