Local and regional mechanical characterisation of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold using high-resolution finite element analysis

Multiscale fluid–structure interaction modelling to determine the mechanical stimulation of bone cells in a tissue engineered scaffold

“…Computational modelling has been applied to predict the mechanical stimulation experienced within tissue engineered scaffolds under flow perfusion or mechanical compression/stretching in vitro (Byrne et al 2007;Stops et al 2008;Stops et al 2010;Olivares et al 2009;Milan et al 2009;Ryan et al 2009;Jungreuthmayer et al 2009;McCoy et al 2012). In general, these models have simulated the mechanical environment within biomaterial scaffolds using either finite element (FE) approaches or computational fluid dynamics (CFD).…”

“…For instance, Byrne et al (2007) employed FE modelling, in combination with an adaptive mechanoregulation algorithm, to investigate bone tissue differentiation within an idealised scaffold under compression. Stops et al (2008Stops et al ( , 2010 used an FE approach to study the mechanical stimuli experienced by cells in different regions of a realistic collagen-GAG scaffold under tensile stretch and compressive loading. The results showed a wide range of mechanical stimuli experienced by cells in different regions in the scaffolds due to a regional dependence of architectural and mechanical properties of the scaffold caused by the manufacturing process.…”

A multilayer braided scaffold for Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Mechanical modeling at the fiber scale

“…Even if they are interrelated, these requirements can be separated into those that aim (1) to restore the function of the native tissue during the rehabilitation period (2) to provide the cells with a suitable micro-environment. In view of satisfying these two types of requirements, the interest of computeraided Tissue Engineering has been largely demonstrated: numerical methods may ease indeed the complexity of the scaffold design stage by enabling to optimize (1) the global properties of scaffolds (Jaecques et al, 2004;Fang et al, 2005;Saito et al, 2010;Chan et al, 2010) (2) the mechanical environment of cells induced by external loading (Sandino et al, 2008;Stops et al, 2010;Sandino and Lacroix, 2011). In the first case, Finite Element (FE) codes may be used to predict the scaffold properties, starting from the scaffold material and architecture.…”

“…Particularly, this type of mechanical modeling would permit: (1) to predict the tensile properties of the scaffold as a function of the different process parameters (2) to compute the microscopic mechanical environment of the scaffold, which will constitute a powerful tool for further mechanobiological analyses. Whereas such multiscale analyses applied to different types of scaffolds are numerous in the literature (Lacroix et al, 2006;Sandino et al, 2008;Jones et al, 2009;Stops et al, 2010;Chan et al, 2010), applications to ligament tissue engineering have not been reported to the author's knowledge.…”

Micro CT-based multiscale elasticity of double-porous (pre-cracked) hydroxyapatite granules for regenerative medicine

“…While so-called micro Finite Element analyses have become a standard tool in computational biomechanics (van Rietbergen et al, 1995;Renders et al, 2011), comparatively few microFE studies are reported for tissue engineering scaffolds (Scheiner et al, 2009;Stops et al, 2010), including hydroxyapatite biomaterials (Lacroix et al, 2006;Sandino et al, 2008). With respect to the latter studies, the present study brings two major novelties: (i) it concerns a biomaterial concept already realized in a clinical context; (ii) elastic properties are not back-analyzed from macroscopic mechanical tests and homogeneously distributed over the solid matrix, but voxel-specific elastic properties are determined from the local X-ray attenuation characteristics.…”