Liver metabolic activities of Pasundan cattle induced by irradiated chitosan

Abstract

Abstract. Mushawwir A, Arifin J, Darwis D, Puspitasari T, Pengerteni DS, Nuryanthi N, Perman R. 2020. Liver metabolic activities of Pasundan cattle induced by irradiated chitosan. Biodiversitas 21: 5571-5578. A total of one hundred and twenty-five, 2-3 year old male Pasundan cattle were used as livestock samples during the three months of this research. They were selected from the local cattle breeding and development center in Ciamis. The animal samples were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups. One group served as the control, or without irradiated chitosan, while the others were used as treatment in varying levels. Each treatment group involved five replicates with 25 Pasundan bulls per treatment i.e five Pasundan bulls per replication. Each group was provided with the following rations: C0 = Control group, without IC (0 ppm IC); C1 = 350 ppm Irradiated Chitosan (IC); C2 = 400 ppm IC; C3 = 450 ppm IC; and C4 = 500 ppm IC. Irradiated chitosan was obtained through the following steps: extraction, deacetylation, and irradiation of chitin using gamma rays. Five mL of blood samples were collected from each bull at the beginning of each month of this experiment, which totaled three months. The blood samples were sucked from the tail/coccygeal vein using a sterilized syringe and vacuum tube containing K3EDTA. The plasma was used to determine the concentration of parameters related to liver metabolism through an automatic biochemical analyzer Kenza 240TX model from Biolabo, using a commercial kit. Each procedure was followed based on the Biolabo kit (Franch) and Randox kit (UK). This study showed that IC reduces the activity of glycogenolysis and glycolysis, but is accompanied by improvements in the biochemical conditions of liver cells. This is a favorable condition for the metabolism of Pasundan bulls in order to enhance their growth and reproduction.

Lipogenesis in Sentul chickens of starter phase inhibited by irradiated chitosan

“…Furthermore, in association with the research reported [21,22], chitosan supplementation significantly increased the rate of lipolysis, reduced the rate of adipocyte hypertrophy, triglyceride accumulation, and activity of lipoprotein in adipose tissue of the epididymis, also decreased the activity of liver enzymes [24] related to lipid biosynthesis [25]. Chitosan supplementation has been reported to activate phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate (AMP) significantly-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [26,27], and a high-fat diet induces the expression of lipogenic transcription factors (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma/PPAR-γ and sterol receptor element-binding protein 1c/ SREBP1c) [28] in the liver and adipose tissue -29,30].…”

Enhancement of the liver status of Sentul chickens from the starter phase induced by irradiated chitosan

“…Impaired liver function results from damage to hepatocytes which causes changes in transport function and membrane permeability, leading to the release of SGPT, SGOT, and -GT enzymes in the cytoplasm into blood circulation [24]. This is because the Transaminase Enzyme acts as a catalyst in the process of transferring amino groups from alpha-amino and alpha-keto acids [25,26]. In addition, disturbances in liver function are caused by oxidative stress due to the presence of free radicals in the body, which are reduced by antioxidants.…”

“…In addition, disturbances in liver function are caused by oxidative stress due to the presence of free radicals in the body, which are reduced by antioxidants. Antioxidants can be obtained from outside the body (food) or self-produced [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Marine by-products and insects as a potential chitosan source for ruminant feed additives

“…The activity of glycogenolysis and glycolysis is reduced by irradiated chitosan, while the biochemical conditions of liver cells improve (reducing glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, creatinine, creatinine kinase). This is an ideal environment for the metabolism of Pasundan bulls to improve their growth and reproduction (Mushawwir et al 2020). The rate of energy supply via other pathways, such as glycogenolysis, is slowed by IC administration (a decrease in glycogen breakdown in liver cells).…”