One hundred twenty-five female ducks, with an average body weight of 1485.51±14.72 g, aged eight weeks, were used in this experiment to examine the effect of ginger volatile oil (GVO) on the metabolic profile of the glycolytic pathways, free radical and antioxidant activity in heat-stressed Cihateup ducks. GVO isolation was carried out by the distillation technique. Cihateup duck samples were divided into five treatment groups, each group with 25 animals. Each treatment consisted of five replications so that each repetition consisted of 5 duck samples. The treatment in this study was A: temperature of the comfort zone (24°C) and without administration of GVO; B: heat stress (38°C) and without GVO; C: heat stress (38°C) and 150 µL GVO/tail; D: hot stress (38°C) and 200 µL GVO/tail, E: Hot stress (38°C) and 250 µL GVO/tail. GVO was given every morning orally (force-fed). The data then statistically analyzed with ANOVA procedure to determine the treatment effect. Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the treatment effect. The results showed that the metabolic profile of the glycolytic pathway appeared to be in the normal range by administering 250 µL GVO. The reduction of free radicals activity and increased endogenous antioxidants (Glutathione Peroxidase) activity were also found in GVE treated ducks. In conclusion, the heat stress of Cihateup duck was reduced by administering the GVO.
This experiment explores the effect and optimal levels of irradiated Chitosan (IrC) in the diet on lipogenesis and its effect on the blood lipid profile of the Sentul Chickens starter phase. The IrC was generated from shrimp waste chitin, and in addition to being a feed supplement, it has the potential to reduce environmental pollution. Furthermore, Sentul chickens were 100 samples, reared from 0-8 weeks, and the observed variables included triglyceride, cholesterol, and blood Non-Esterified Fatty Acid (NEFA). A completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method was used with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were K0 = basal diet without IrC, K1 = 300 ppm IrC in basal diet, K2 = 350 ppm IrC in basal diet, K3 = 400 ppm IrC in the basal diet. Meanwhile, the samples used for analysis were 40 individuals from the research object based on the average body weight of the population. The results showed that the provision of rations containing IrC (K1) 300 ppm, (K2) 350 ppm, and (K3) 400 ppm had a significant effect (P<0.05) on triglyceride, cholesterol, and NEFA profile in Sentul Chickens blood of the starter phase.
Twenty grower and laying hens housed indoors in individual cages were used to explore the profile to some biochemistry parameters on grower and laying hens in upper zonathermoneutral (average: 31.5 o C). This study was conducted in poultry housing at CV. Pamulihan Farm Kuningan, Jawa Barat, for two months. Blood samples free protein were used to determined glucose, blood plasma for cholesterol, and blood serum were used to determined albumin, globulin and protein total. Biochemistry Parameters in this study were analyzed by spectrophotometer technique. Results of this study indicated that there were significantly effect of temperature on the albumin, globulin, total protein, and glucose. This results has been proved to be a good indicator for predicting heat stressed in laying hens. Based on this results of study, it may be a consideration for a good feed strategy to laying hens in upper zonathermoneutral.
Heat stress causes a decrease in metabolic and immune function, thus resulting in decreased production. Natural extracts such as the active compound diallyl-n-sulfide (Dn-S) are one strategy to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress. One hundred and fifty female laying hens, with a mean bodyweight of 1191.38±25.54 g, aged 11 weeks, were used in this experiment to study Dn-S’s impact from garlic on the metabolite profile of the glycogenolysis pathway and heart failure in laying hens. The sample of laying hens was divided into five treatment groups, each with 25 samples and the Dn-S from garlic isolated by distillation technique. The study was carried out with three types of experimental treatment, groups with a zone temperature of heat stress (38°C) and without Dn-S, heat stress (38°C) and 100 μL Dn-S/sample, heat stress (38°C) and 1125 μL Dn-S/sample, respectively. Based on the results of the study, it shows that heat stress causes an increase in the rate of glycogenolysis. It appears that the administration of 200 μL Dn-S effectively reduces the rate of glycogenolysis and can maintain a normal heart condition. It was concluded that heat stress in laying hens could be avoided by administering diallyl n-sulfide (Dn-S) from garlic. Dn-S has an essential role in preventing changes in the osmotic pressure of body fluids. Overall, it can cope with the metabolic and physiological changes associated with heat stress.
Antioxidants are compounds that are able to inhibit the negative effects that come from free radicals. The phenomenon of imbalanced antioxidant production and the accumulation of free radicals in cells and tissues can cause oxidative stress. Excessive free radicals that enter the body cannot be warded off by endogenous antioxidant compounds so that the required antioxidant compounds can come from the outside, which helps in the performance of endogenous antioxidants. Antioxidants that come from outside consist of synthetic and natural antioxidants; however, synthetic antioxidants are not an option because they have toxic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients is an alternative method that is needed to create a new natural antioxidant compound. Piper species are being considered as possible medicinal plants for the development of new sources of antioxidants. Several studies have been carried out starting from the extract levels, fractions, and compounds of the Piper species, which showed good antioxidant activity. Currently, some of these plants are being used as ingredients in traditional medicines to treat allergies, toothaches, and coughs. This review examines the distribution, botanical data, pharmacology, especially antioxidant activity, and the compounds contained in five Piper species, namely Piper amalago L., Piper betle L., Piper hispidum Sw., Piper longum L., and Piper umbellatum L.
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