Abstract. Mushawwir A, Arifin J, Darwis D, Puspitasari T, Pengerteni DS, Nuryanthi N, Perman R. 2020. Liver metabolic activities of Pasundan cattle induced by irradiated chitosan. Biodiversitas 21: 5571-5578. A total of one hundred and twenty-five, 2-3 year old male Pasundan cattle were used as livestock samples during the three months of this research. They were selected from the local cattle breeding and development center in Ciamis. The animal samples were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups. One group served as the control, or without irradiated chitosan, while the others were used as treatment in varying levels. Each treatment group involved five replicates with 25 Pasundan bulls per treatment i.e five Pasundan bulls per replication. Each group was provided with the following rations: C0 = Control group, without IC (0 ppm IC); C1 = 350 ppm Irradiated Chitosan (IC); C2 = 400 ppm IC; C3 = 450 ppm IC; and C4 = 500 ppm IC. Irradiated chitosan was obtained through the following steps: extraction, deacetylation, and irradiation of chitin using gamma rays. Five mL of blood samples were collected from each bull at the beginning of each month of this experiment, which totaled three months. The blood samples were sucked from the tail/coccygeal vein using a sterilized syringe and vacuum tube containing K3EDTA. The plasma was used to determine the concentration of parameters related to liver metabolism through an automatic biochemical analyzer Kenza 240TX model from Biolabo, using a commercial kit. Each procedure was followed based on the Biolabo kit (Franch) and Randox kit (UK). This study showed that IC reduces the activity of glycogenolysis and glycolysis, but is accompanied by improvements in the biochemical conditions of liver cells. This is a favorable condition for the metabolism of Pasundan bulls in order to enhance their growth and reproduction.
<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed to characterize three different cattle breeds based on the morphometrics.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Five (5) morphometrics which include body length (BL), chest girth (CG), withers height (WH), rump length (RL) and chest depth (CD) were measured in each animal. A total of 119 cows belonging to White Fulani (40 heads), Muturu (40 heads) and Pasundan (39 heads) were used in this study. The age of animal study was 20.93±1.62 months (White Fulani), 21.63±1.75 months (Muturu) and 20.46±2.99 months (Pasundan). Hence, two statistical methods of canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods were computed in this study to characterize of animals based on their morphometrics using SPSS 16.0 package.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Mostly<strong> </strong>the morphometrics of White Fulani and Pasundan cows are similar while those of Muturu are significantly lower than the two other breeds. Four morphometric measurements of CG, RL, BL and WH were identified as a discriminator variables in animal study based on the CDA method. The CDA of morphometrics able to classify 85% (White Fulani), 100% (Muturu) and 74.4% (Pasundan) of the animal into their original breed group.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The closeness between observations from White Fulani and Pasundan might be due to them being both Zebu (<em>Bos indicus</em>) unlike the Muturu with a type breed of <em>Bos bracycheros</em>.<strong></strong></p>
Abstract Indonesian is a nation born from the spirit of nationalism. The spirit of independence and freedom from colonialism finally resulted in the spirit of unity among tribes, races, religions and groups to form Indonesian nationalism. Having the same feeling of destiny and experience could defeat ethnic, cultural and religious differences so that the formation of Indonesia nation was created. Nationalism can be interpreted as the ability to love the nation and state. Nationalism is a state of awareness or a national spirit. Nationalism is not just an instrument that acts as plurality gluing externally, but also a vessel that affirms a plural Indonesian identity in its various cultural dimensions. The relationship between Islam and nationalism in the country has been integrated so that the form of Indonesia-nation-state is final with four basic principles; UUD 1945, Pancasila, NKRI and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. However, nationalism today is threatened by two things: globalization and ideological fundamentalism. globalization seems to make the nation’s identity outdated. Ideological fundamentalism removes the diversity of cultural values and the humanity of the nation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the four basic principles above and simultaneously increase the actualization of the system and its value in the life of the nation. Religion and nationalism are two key factors that keep the existence as well as maintain civilization of the nation amid the plurality and freedom of pers. Abstrak Bangsa Indonesia merupakan bangsa yang terlahir dari semangat nasionalisme. Semangat untuk membentuk sebuah tata kehidupan yang merdeka dan terbebas dari kolonialisme, akhirnya melahirkan semangat antar suku, ras, agama dan antar golongan untuk bersatu membentuk nasionalisme Indonesia. Perasaan senasib dan sepenanggungan yang dialami mampu mengalahkan perbedaan etnik, budaya dan agama sehingga lahirlah sejarah pembentukan kebangsaan Indonesia. Nasionalisme dapat diartikan sebagai kemampuan untuk mencintai bangsa dan negara. Nasionalisme adalah kesadaran bernegara atau semangat nasional. Nasionalisme atau kebangsaan bukan sekedar instrumen yang berfungsi sebagai perekat kemajemukan secara eksternal, namun juga merupakan wadah yang menegaskan identitas Indonesia yang bersifat plural dalam berbagai dimensi kulturalnya. Hubungan antara Islam dan nasionalisme di Tanah Air telah terintegrasi sehingga negara-bangsa Indonesia sudah final dengan empat prinsip pokok; UUD 1945, Pancasila, NKRI dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Namun demikian, nasionalisme dewasa ini digerogoti oleh dua hal yaitu oleh globalisasi dan fundamentalisme ideologi. Globalisasi berkesan membuat identitas bangsa sesuatu yang ketinggalan jaman. Fundamentalisme ideologis menyingkirkan keanekaaan nilai budaya dan kemanusiaan bangsa. Oleh karena itu, perlu penguatan keempat prinsip pokok di atas dan sekaligus meningkatkan aktualisasi sistem dan nilainya dalam kehidupan berbangsa-bernegara. Agama dan nasionalisme merupakan dua faktor kunci yang menjaga eksistensi sekaligus memelihara peradaban bangsa ditengah pluralitas dan kebebasan pers.
This article is a research report focusing on the construc–tion of Kompas and Republika's news coverage regarding gender-related issues such as polygamy, domestic violence, and early marriage. Zondhang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki's framing analysis was applied to analyse six news articles published by Kompas and Republika in 2021. The findings illustrate that both Kompas and Republika tend to construct gender discourse to mainstream gender equality in order to "break the chain" of violence and oppression of women. In regard to polygamy, Republika as an Islamic-based me–dia has framed polygamy as a behaviour that is not recommended in Islam by highlighting very strict sharia requirements while cons–tructing the news coverage of polygamy. Kompas as the represent–tation of the secular media has framed polygamy as behaviour that leads to destruction rather than constructive behaviour for society.
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