Lipid profile abnormalities seen in T2DM patients in primary healthcare in Turkey: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. We aimed to research association between serum lipid profile and blood glucose, hypothesizing that early detection and treatment of lipid abnormalities can minimize the risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder and cerebrovascular accident in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsFasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated. A hepatic ultrasound was performed for every diabetic to evaluate hepatosteatosis. The study was done from January 2014 to June 2014 among 132 patients with T2DM who were admitted to outpatient clinic of Family Medicine department in a university hospital. The patients whose taking multi-vitamin supplementation or having hepatic, renal or metabolic bone disorders (including parathyroid related problems) were excluded from the study for the reason that those conditions might affect the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetes. Test of significance was calculated by unpaired student’s t test between cases and controls. Correlation studies (Pearson’s correlation) were performed between the variables of blood glucose and serum lipid profile. Significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsResults of serum lipid profile showed that the mean values for TC, TG, HDL and LDL in female patients were 227.6 ± 57.7 mg/dl, 221.6 ± 101.1 mg/dl, 31.5 ± 6.7 mg/dl and 136.5 ± 43.7 mg/dl, respectively. The mean values for TC, TG, HDL and LDL in male patients were 219.1 ± 34.7 mg/dl, 250.0 ± 100.7 mg/dl, 30.2 ± 7.4 mg/dl and 125.7 ± 21.4 mg/dl, respectively. Significantly higher mean serum levels of TC, TG and LDL and significantly lower mean serum levels of HDL were noted in patients with diabetes (p<0.001). FBG showed significant positive correlation with TC (p<0.05) and TG (p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and hepatosteatosis and HbA1c (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe study showed widespread lipid abnormalities in the course of diabetes triggered dyslipidemia as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated LDL and decreased HDL. This study proposes the predominance of hyperlipidemia over increased prevalence of diabetic dyslipidemia.

LIPID PROFILE PATTERNS AND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLYCATED HAEMOGLOBIN (HbA1C) AND ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA (AIP) IN DIABETES PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MALAYSIA

“…It supports the previous data regarding the use of HbA1c as a potential biomarker of CHD risk [16]. The results are in agreement with previous studies that found a similar association between glycemic control and cardiovascular risk predicted by lipid profiles [16,29]. High-risk group had a higher HbA1c value (9.18) than low risk group (8.84).…”

“…Reduced HDL was observed in 25% patients. These results are supported by the previous studies that demonstrated lipid abnormalities in diabetes patients [27,19,29,16]. As shown in table 2, TC and LDL values were higher in the highrisk category than low/medium risk category although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.42).…”

Association of Dyslipidemia and Glycated Haemoglobin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…Lipid profile and diabetes have been shown to be the important predictors for metabolic disturbances including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases [7]. The abnormalities of Carbohydrate metabolism observed in GDM may lead to affect other metabolism also especially lipid metabolism [8].…”

Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c) Is a Predictor of Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Nepalese Patients.

“…Dyslipidemia is a metabolic abnormality that is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus and both of them play important predictors that can progress to coronary artery disease (CAD) and may even be a prerequisite for CAD, occurring before other major risk factors come into play. [18].…”