Licht und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über das Wachstum von Bläuepilzen in Kiefern und Fichtenholz

Líese, W.; Schmid, Roswitha

doi:10.1007/bf02603326

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Staining is caused by fungal hyphae usually growing in the ray parenchyma cells and resin ducts (Münch 1907, Gibbs 1993, Seifert 1993. At later stages of infection, the tracheids are also colonized (Liese andSchmid 1961, Ballard et al 1982). Discoloration is due to melanin, a pigment existing inside the walls of the fungal hyphae, and not due to staining of the wood tissues (Zink andFengel 1989, 1990).…”

Section: Sapstainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Linnakoski¹

2011

Diss. For.

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Global trade in untreated timber and wood products raises the risk of accidentally introducing forest pests and pathogens into new environments. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) include several species that are regarded as forest pests. These insects are known to live in close association with fungi, especially species of ophiostomatoid fungi (Ascomycota). Several of these fungi are agents of blue stain in timber, and some are serious plant pathogens. However, only little is known regarding the fungal associates of bark beetles, or the interactions between the fungus, the bark beetle and the host tree in the boreal forests of Fennoscandia.The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge regarding bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia, with special emphasis on the genera Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. and Grosmannia Goid. Fungi associated with 13 different bark beetle species, infesting Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and birches (Betula L. spp.) in the eastern parts of Finland and neighboring Russia, as well as southern Norway, were isolated and identified. The fungal identifications were based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence comparisons.The survey revealed the occurrence of at least 29 species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia. All the bark beetle species considered in this study were frequently associated with a complex of ophiostomatoid fungi. Several species were recorded for the first time in the countries in the study. A surprisingly high number of previously undescribed fungal species were discovered. During the survey, eight of these species were described as new taxa. In addition, the study revealed new insect-fungus relationships. The number of taxa encountered, covering a relatively small geographical area, indicates that there are many more ophiostomatoid fungi occurring in the boreal forests of Fennoscandia than has previously been recognized. The study emphasizes the importance of developing a clear understanding of the possible threats of moving timber and wood products without knowledge of the micro-organisms that might also be moved.Keywords: blue stain, insect-fungus interactions, molecular systematics, ophiostomatoid fungi, Ophiostomatales, symbioses 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS "It's the journey that's important, not the getting there" (John McLeod). The writing of this dissertation has been a fascinating journey full of unforgettable experiences, from South African sunrises to a rail ride on the Trans Siberian Railway. It has also been a time of personal growth. The writing of a dissertation is a long journey, and obviously not possible without the support of numerous people. I've been truly privileged to start my journey in the world of science with many inspiring people. It's been a great pleasure to follow their enthusiasm and the deep commitment to the work they love. Thank you for passing on the passion for science! I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of you who have contributed and supported this project in v...

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Section: Sapstainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Linnakoski¹

2011

Diss. For.

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“…The degradation of the bordered pit membranes in their first stage of growth appears to be a common strategy of wood-decay fungi to colonize softwoods (Schwarze et al 2006;Liese & Schmid 1961;Daniel 1994;Green et al 1995;Green & Highley 1997). The size, structure and distribution of bordered pits is a significant factor for the accessibility of wood tissue both for fluids and fungal hyphae (Rayner & Boddy 1988).…”

Section: Permeability Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape of the tracheids is determined by their length l L , width l T and the length of the overlapping zone l O (Figure 7a) where most of the bordered pits are located (Sirviö & Kärenlampi 1998). The diameter of a bordered pit is described by the parameter D. These pits play an important role in the growth of many wood-decay fungi (Schwarze et al 2006;Liese & Schmid 1961;Daniel 1994;Green et al 1995;Green & Highley 1997), because they are the shortest path for a wood-decay fungus in a longitudinal direction as shown by the dotted line in Figure 7a. The nutrient points are randomly uniformly distributed along the cell walls of the tracheids with the density ρ mm -1 .…”

Section: Hyphal Growth Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penetration capacity of the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus

Fuhr

Schubert

Stührk

et al. 2013

Complex Adapt Syst Model

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Purpose: Bioincising is a biotechnological process for improving the permeability of refractory wood such as Norway spruce heartwood using the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus. The degradation of the bordered pit membranes by P. vitreus in its first stage of wood colonization enhances the uptake of preservatives and wood modification substances, whereas the strength of the material is not significantly reduced. Methods:We propose to study bioincising by means of a mathematical model, because many factors affect the growth and effects of P. vitreus in Norway spruce in such a complex way that an evaluation of the optimal incubation conditions (i.e. water activity, temperature or pH) is very expensive or even not possible solely using laboratory experiments.Results: Using a hyphal growth model we demonstrate here for the first time how to optimize bioincising by linking the microscopic growth behavior of P. vitreus with macroscopic system properties of the wood. Moreover, we propose universal measures of wood-decay fungi, i.e., penetration velocity, penetration work and penetration capacity, which may figure as measures for the efficiency of wood colonization. For example, our simulation shows that an increase of the hyphal growth rate (i.e. changing the incubation conditions) from 1 to 2 μm·d -1 results in an increase of the mycelium's growth velocity from 0.8 to 1.75 μm·d -1 and an increase of the penetration capacity from 0.5 to 0.6 10 -3 ·mm 2 ·d -1 using a pit degradation rate of 2 μm·d -1 .Conclusions: Information about the penetration velocity, penetration work and penetration capacity is of significance for both its biotechnological use and the study of the colonization strategy of wood-decay fungi in general.

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“…The amount of soluble nutrients and their accessibility plays an important role for the development of blue stain fungi and their pigment production (Breuil 1997;Carlile et al 2001). Blue stain fungi do not cause significant mass loss and generally do not affect the structural properties of wood (Liese and Schmid 1961;Grosser 1985;Zink and Fengel 1988;Eaton and Hale 1993). Free water in the lumens of wood cells over longer periods is needed for fungal growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water glass and DMDHEU treatment on the colonisation of wood by Aureobasidium pullulans

et al. 2010

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Specimens of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) were treated with a sodium water glass solution and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU).The pH-values of water glass treated specimens were between 9.7 and 12.0. Those of DMDHEU treated specimens were 3.8 (Scots pine) and 4.2 (beech).The resistance observed in an eight weeks laboratory test against the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans showed that treatments with water glass and DMDHEU reduced but not prevented the fungal growth. Wood specimens treated with water glass showed the lowest colonisation of blue stain. Both treatments inhibited fungal penetration through the ray cells.HPLC analysis showed that the amount of simple sugars was reduced due to water glass treatment. The amount of simple sugars in DMDHEU treated wood depended on the wood species. The amount of available sugar monomers did not indicate an influence of the colonisation of the sample surface. Die Auswirkung einer Wasserglas und DMDHEU Behandlung auf die Besiedelung von Holz durch Aureobasidium pullulansZusammenfassung Prüfkörper aus Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris) und Buche (Fagus sylvatica) wurden mit Natriumwasserglas und 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) behandelt.A. Pfeffer ( ) · A. Dieste · C. Mai · H. Militz Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany e-mail: apfeffe@gwdg.de Die pH-Werte der mit Wasserglas behandelten Prüfkör-per lagen zwischen 9,7 und 12,0. Die pH-Werte der mit DMDHEU behandelten Prüfkörper lagen bei 3,8 (Kiefer) und 4,2 (Buche).Die Resistenz gegen den Bläuepilz Aureobasidium pullulans wurde in einem Laborversuch mit 8 Wochen Versuchsdauer getestet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Behandlung mit Natriumwasserglas und DMDHEU den Befall reduzierte, aber nicht verhinderte. Eine radiale Eindringung der Pilzhyphen war makroskopisch nicht sichtbar. Die mit Wasserglas behandelten Prüfkörper zeigten den geringsten Befall auf der Prüfkörperoberfläche.Die Ergebnisse der HPLC-Analyse zeigten einen reduzierten Gehalt an Einfachzuckern für die mit Wasserglas behandelten Prüfkörper. Bei der DMDHEU-Behandlung war der Gehalt holzartenabhängig. Die Verfügbarkeit von Einfachzuckern hatte demnach keinen Einfluss auf den Befall der Prüfkörperoberfläche.

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Licht und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über das Wachstum von Bläuepilzen in Kiefern und Fichtenholz

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Penetration capacity of the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus

Effects of water glass and DMDHEU treatment on the colonisation of wood by Aureobasidium pullulans

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