Penetration capacity of the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus

Fuhr, M. J.; Schubert, Mark; Stührk, C.; Schwarze, Francis W. M. R.; Herrmann, H. J.

doi:10.1186/2194-3206-1-6

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Angiosperms also store a larger amount of extractives in parenchyma cells to avoid the spread of decay (Sun et al 2007;Morris et al 2016), whereas gymnosperm defence mainly relies on the occlusion of tracheids and abundant anti-fungal compounds produced by resin ducts (Fuhr et al 2013;Hudgins et al 2004). Interestingly, angiosperm species physically protect their wood by having a 1.3-fold higher wood density, mainly realised through thick-walled fibres than gymnosperms, whereas gymnosperms protect their wood by having a 2-fold higher lignin concentration than angiosperm species (cf.…”

Section: Conservative Gymnosperm Versus Acquisitive Angiosperm Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem trait spectra underpin multiple functions of temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species

Yang¹,

Sterck²,

Sass‐Klaassen³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A central paradigm in comparative ecology is that species sort out along a global economic strategy spectrum, ranging from slow to fast growth. Many studies evaluated plant strategy spectra for leaf traits, b u t few studies evaluated stem strategy spectra using a comprehensive set of anatomical, chemical and morphological traits, addressing key stem functions of different stem compartments (inner wood, outer wood and bark). This study evaluates how stem traits vary in the wood and bark of temperate tree species, and whether a slow-fast growth strategy spectrum exists and what traits make up this plant strategy spectrum. For 14 temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm species, 20 traits belonging to six key stem functions were measured for three stem compartments. Both across and within gymnosperms and angiosperms, a slow-fast stem strategy spectrum is found. Gymnosperms have slow traits and showed converging stem strategies because of their uniform tracheids. Angiosperms have fast traits and showed diverging stem strategies because of a wider array of tissues (vessels, parenchyma and fibers) and vessel size and arrangements (ring-porous versus diffuse porous). Gymnosperms showed a main trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety, and angiosperms showed a main trade-off between ‘slow’ diffuse porous species and ‘fast’ ring porous species. The slow traits of gymnosperms allow for a high hydraulic safety, an evergreen leaf habit and steady but slow growth makes them successful in unproductive habitats whereas the fast traits of angiosperms allow for high conductivity, a deciduous leaf habit and fast growth which makes them successful in productive habitats.

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Section: Conservative Gymnosperm Versus Acquisitive Angiosperm Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem trait spectra underpin multiple functions of temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species

Yang¹,

Sterck²,

Sass‐Klaassen³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Interestingly, another study across seven tree species from the Amazon found that high parenchyma abundance and wide dilating rays were associated with poor compartmentalisation of decay, but this was offset by fast wound closure (Romero & Bolker, 2008). Although in angiosperms, parenchyma cells in contact with vessels can seal off conduits by way of tyloses or gum deposits to avoid the spread of decay (Biggs, 1987;Bonsen & Ku cera, 1990;Schmitt & Liese, 1992;Sun et al, 2007), defence in gymnosperms mainly lies in the occlusion of tracheids via aspiration of the torus-margo bordered pits (Fuhr et al, 2013), and the production of abundant polyphenolic compounds and traumatic resin ducts in Pinaceae and Cupressaceae (Phillips, 1948;Hudgins et al, 2004). Such a strategy is therefore consistent with a lower RAP fraction in conifers.…”

Section: Rap Fractions As a Defence Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global analysis of parenchyma tissue fractions in secondary xylem of seed plants

et al. 2015

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Summary Parenchyma is an important tissue in secondary xylem of seed plants, with functions ranging from storage to defence and with effects on the physical and mechanical properties of wood. Currently, we lack a large‐scale quantitative analysis of ray parenchyma (RP) and axial parenchyma (AP) tissue fractions.Here, we use data from the literature on AP and RP fractions to investigate the potential relationships of climate and growth form with total ray and axial parenchyma fractions (RAP).We found a 29‐fold variation in RAP fraction, which was more strongly related to temperature than with precipitation. Stem succulents had the highest RAP values (mean ± SD: 70.2 ± 22.0%), followed by lianas (50.1 ± 16.3%), angiosperm trees and shrubs (26.3 ± 12.4%), and conifers (7.6 ± 2.6%). Differences in RAP fraction between temperate and tropical angiosperm trees (21.1 ± 7.9% vs 36.2 ± 13.4%, respectively) are due to differences in the AP fraction, which is typically three times higher in tropical than in temperate trees, but not in RP fraction.Our results illustrate that both temperature and growth form are important drivers of RAP fractions. These findings should help pave the way to better understand the various functions of RAP in plants.

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“…The winter-deciduous angiosperm species may require a high carbohydrate storage capacity to survive winter and flush new leaves in spring ( Epron et al, 2012 ), whereas the evergreen gymnosperms can flush new leaves later in spring using photosynthates coming from their preserved needles rather than stored carbohydrates ( Lusk, 2001 ). The parenchyma cells in angiosperms are also important to produce a large amount of extractives to avoid the spread of decay ( Sun et al, 2007 ; Morris et al, 2016 ), whereas gymnosperm defense relies more on the occlusion of tracheids and abundant antifungal compounds produced by resin ducts ( Hudgins et al, 2004 ; Fuhr et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Trait Spectra Underpin Multiple Functions of Temperate Tree Species

et al. 2022

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A central paradigm in comparative ecology is that species sort out along a slow-fast resource economy spectrum of plant strategies, but this has been rarely tested for a comprehensive set of stem traits and compartments. We tested how stem traits vary across wood and bark of temperate tree species, whether a slow-fast strategy spectrum exists, and what traits make up this plant strategy spectrum. For 14 temperate tree species, 20 anatomical, chemical, and morphological traits belonging to six key stem functions were measured for three stem compartments (inner wood, outer wood, and bark). The trait variation was explained by major taxa (38%), stem compartments (24%), and species within major taxa (19%). A continuous plant strategy gradient was found across and within taxa, running from hydraulic safe gymnosperms to conductive angiosperms. Both groups showed a second strategy gradient related to chemical defense. Gymnosperms strongly converged in their trait strategies because of their uniform tracheids. Angiosperms strongly diverged because of their different vessel arrangement and tissue types. The bark had higher concentrations of nutrients and phenolics whereas the wood had stronger physical defense. The gymnosperms have a conservative strategy associated with strong hydraulic safety and physical defense, and a narrow, specialized range of trait values, which allow them to grow well in drier and unproductive habitats. The angiosperm species show a wider trait variation in all stem compartments, which makes them successful in marginal- and in mesic, productive habitats. The associations between multiple wood and bark traits collectively define a slow-fast stem strategy spectrum as is seen also for each stem compartment.

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Penetration capacity of the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Stem trait spectra underpin multiple functions of temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species

Stem trait spectra underpin multiple functions of temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species

A global analysis of parenchyma tissue fractions in secondary xylem of seed plants

Stem Trait Spectra Underpin Multiple Functions of Temperate Tree Species

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