Leptin Within Healthy and Diseased Human Gingiva

Abstract

Human leptin is present within healthy and marginally inflamed gingiva and decreases in concentration as the adjacent probing depth increases. When leptin concentrations decreased (> or =3 mm sulcus), VEGF concentrations increased, suggesting that leptin could be released from gingiva coincident to vascular expansion. Thus, gingiva, in addition to adipose tissue, could be a source of circulating leptin in patients with periodontal disease. This possibility requires further investigation.

An Evaluation and Correlation of Leptin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum in Health, Gingivitis and Periodontitis

“…This shows that there is a strong negative correlation between the GCF leptin concentration and periodontal disease progression. The results obtained from our study were in accordance with the study done by Johnson and Serio, 4 who also showed that leptin concentration is correlated negatively with the probing pocket depth. Further, mean serum leptin concentration in healthy group was 8,715.09 pg/ml, in gingivitis group was 10,694.01 pg/ml and in periodontitis group was 12,086.57 pg/ml.…”

“…This suggests that the leptin is present within the healthy gingiva and its concentration declines coincident to the severity of gingival inflammation and periodontal pocket formation. 4 However, in their study no attempts were made to estimate serum leptin concentration so as to know its correlation with gingival leptin concentration. Hence, the present study was undertaken, which is to assess the concentration of human leptin levels in GCF and serum from healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients.…”

“…Further, we estimated the concentration of leptin in GCF to avoid gingival biopsies as done in the earlier study 4 for making the sample collection atraumatic. Moreover, to avoid leptin derived from obese subjects biasing the estimation of leptin concentration, they were excluded from the study by The results of the current study showed that a mean GCF leptin concentration in healthy group was 2,664.30 pg/ml, gingivitis group was 1,639.43 pg/ml and in periodontitis group was 1,309.43 pg/ml.…”

Salivary leptin levels in normal weight and overweight individuals and their correlation with orthodontic tooth movement

“…[21][22][23][24] The presence of leptin has been reported in inflamed and healthy gingival tissues. 25 Leptin concentration is a Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.…”

Involvement of psychosocial factors in the association of obesity with periodontitis

“…Obesity affects host immunity (19), and the relationship between adipose tissue and the immune system is believed to be related to the secretion of numerous adipokines, including leptin, whose amount is correlated with fat mass (20). It has been demonstrated that human leptin is present within healthy and marginally inflamed gingiva, and decreases in concentration with increased probing depth (21). Recent studies have indicated that adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue, is an important organ that secretes several bioactive substances known as adipocytokines, which include tumor necrosis factor-α, which may enhance periodontal degradation (7).…”