Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln Monographie der mediterran-mitteleuropäischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina

Meusel, Hermann; Kästner, Arndt

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6934-6

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This is borne out in work referred to by Petit (1999), of which we were unaware. Thus, a study of Carlina and Chamaeleon showed the presence of the C-glycosylflavones isovitexin, shaftoside, isoshaftoside, orientin, and unidentified di-C-glycosyl derivatives of apigenin and lute olin variously distributed in members of the two genera (Meusel and Kastner, 1990). Petit concluded that the chemical data were in agreement with the overall homogeneity of the subtribe.…”

Section: Tribe Cardueaementioning

confidence: 79%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

119

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This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. This book is dedicated to:Arthur Cronquist Outstanding plant systematist and major contributor to understanding taxonomic relationships within Asteraceae and Ralph E. Alston (1925Alston ( -1967) Visionary natural products chemist and geneticist who pioneered the use of chemical data in studies of plant systematics and evolution PrefaceCertainly many of the readers of this book will remember the early developments of chemosystematics in the late 1950s. We ourselves remember the excitement of these new data bearing on plant interrelationships. The hopes were high, the techniques were rapidly evolving, the quantities of data were large, and young workers were eagerly enthusiastic. Some even went so far as to predict that chemical data would soon replace morphological information as the basis for plant classification. These overly zealous predictions did not materialize, of course, as the history of plant systematics has amply shown during the past two centuries. If there is any distinct characteristic of systematics it is synthesis, as Lincoln Constance (1964) called it, the "unending synthesis." New tools generate new data and provide insights on additional dimensions of plant relationships. This will never change-we will continue to discover new tools and new data in the years ahead, and they will continue to be incorporated into the predictive general reference system of classification.The earlier efforts in chemosystematics focused on secondary plant products: alkaloids, betacyanins, carbohydrates, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, lipids, terpenoids, and especialiy flavonoids. The latter were particularly well suited for chemosystematic investigation for several reasons: ease of isolation and characterization, small amounts of plant material needed for analysis, stability of compounds especially through routine preparation of herbarium specimens, and low cost to obtain useful information. As a result of these considerable advantages, literally thousands of studies on use of flavonoids in plant systematics have been published. Although now with the present zest for macromolecular data from DNA restriction sites and sequences, there are fewer workers and laboratories dedicated to flavonoid chemosystematic studies; twenty years ago they were the new currency of exciting data in plant systematics.Because of many workers historically interested in the sunflower family, Asteraceae (or Compositae), in part due to its large size (approximately 23,000 species;Bremer, 1994), and because hundreds of flavonoid compounds were discovered in this family, many chemosystematic investigations have been completed on various taxa. Many studies came from the laboratories of R. A. Alston, B. L. Turner, and T. J. Mabry in the Department of Botany ...

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Section: Tribe Cardueaementioning

confidence: 79%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

119

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“…Most populations grow in semi-natural calcareous grasslands, but the plant also occurs in quarries, coastal dunes and open pine forests (Verkaar and Schenkeveld 1984;Grime et al 1988;Meusel and Kä stner 1994). The probability of flowering increases with the size of the rosette (Klinkhamer et al 1991(Klinkhamer et al , 1992, and the age of flowering plants varies between 2 and at least 11 years (Watt 1981;Klinkhamer et al 1996;Rose et al 2002).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Europe, the species is distributed in (sub-)oceanic to sub-Mediterranean regions from southern Italy (39 N) to southern Sweden (62 N). Because of habitat deterioration and fragmentation in the last decades, many populations are now small and isolated, particularly in the north-east of the distribution area (Meusel and Kä stner 1994).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation in the monocarpic perennial Carlina vulgaris at different spatial scales across Europe

et al. 2006

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Spatial variation in environmental conditions can lead to local adaptation of plant populations, particularly if gene flow among populations is low. Many studies have investigated adaptation to contrasting environmental conditions, but little is known about the spatial scale of adaptive evolution. We studied population differentiation and local adaptation at two spatial scales in the monocarpic grassland perennial Carlina vulgaris. We reciprocally transplanted seedlings among five European regions (northwestern Czech Republic, central Germany, Luxembourg, southern Sweden and northwestern Switzerland) and among populations of different sizes within three of the regions. We recorded survival, growth and reproduction over three growing periods. At the regional scale, several performance traits and the individual fitness of C. vulgaris were highest if the plants were grown in their home region and they decreased with increasing transplant distance. The effects are likely due to climatic differences that increased with the geographical distance between regions. At the local scale, there were significant interactions between the effects of the population of origin and the transplant site, but these were not due to an enhanced performance of plants at their home site and they were not related to the geographical or environmental distance between the site of origin and the transplant site. The size of the population of origin did not influence the strength of local adaptation. The results of our study suggest that C. vulgaris consists of regionally adapted genotypes, and that distance is a good predictor of the extent of adaptive differentiation at large scales ( > 200 km) but not at small scales. We conclude that patterns of local adaptation should be taken into account for the efficient preservation of genetic resources, when assessing the status of a plant species and during conservation planning.

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“…Homologies of the synflorescence of Echinops L. and related genera are ex-tremely difficult to establish (Petit, 1988), as is usually the case with highly derived syncephalies (Stuessy and Spooner, 1988). A similar problem is posed by the complicated involucral structures of the Carlininae, which have been interpreted even as a third-order syncephalia in the genus Carlina L. (Meusel and Kohler, 1960;Meusel and Kä stner, 1994), an interpretation rejected by Petit (1988). In fact, contradictory results obtained by different authors in cladistic analyses of morphologic data (e.g., Karis et al, 1992versus Petit, 1997 could be partly attributed to different points of view in addressing the problem of homologies of the receptacular structures of Echinops, Carlina, and related genera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…With regard to life forms, Carlina falcata, from the Canary Islands, is an unarmed and shrubby plant, two very unusual features in a group formed mainly by spiny perennial herbs. This led Meusel and Kä stner (1994) to suggest that the Canarian species of Carlina were the oldest stock of the genus. However, all the analyses group in a very robust clade Carlina falcata and the widespread European spiny herbs Carlina lanata and C. vulgaris [BS ϭ 73%, DI ϭ 2 in the ITS analysis (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%