Lead-free solder materials: Experimental enthalpies of mixing of liquid Ag-In-Pd-Sn alloys

Abstract

The partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of liquid Ag-In-Sn and Ag-In-Pd-Sn alloys were determined at 900 °C by a drop calorimetric technique using a Calvet-type microcalorimeter. The binary interaction parameters of Ag-In and the ternary interaction parameters of Ag-In-Pd and Ag-In-Sn were fitted based on both literature data and the authors' measurements employing the Redlich-Kister-Muggiano model for substitutional solutions. Furthermore, it was investigated whether additional quaternary interactions have to be taken into account for the description of the enthalpy of mixing in the Ag-In-Pd-Sn system.

Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System

“…These ternary systems have been investigated as well as binaries, and experimental information has been published. The thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase of the ternary Ag-In-Sn were investigated using calorimetric method by Gather et al, 87 Alaoui-Elbelghiti, 88 and Luef et al 89 The activities of the elements in liquid Ag-In-Sn alloys were determined by Miki et al, 90 Popovic and Bencze, 91 and Jendrzejczyk et al 92 The phase equilibria data were obtained by Liu et al 93 Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag-Cu-Sn 95 who determined the chemical potential of Sn using the electromotive force measurement method. The equilibria between phases in this ternary system were investigated by Gebhardt and Petzow, 97 Shen, 97 Shen et al, 98 Fodotov, 99, 100 Miller, 101 Chada et al, 102 Moon et al, 103 Loomans and Fine, 104 and Yen and Chen.…”