Le bien commun comme construit territorial. Identités d'action et procédures

Lascoumes, Pierre; Bourhis, Jean-Pierre Le

doi:10.3406/polix.1998.1724

Cited by 211 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The 2006 reform to park policy embraced a more procedural approach (Lascoumes et al, 1998) and as such strengthened the power of actors from the public sphere -and, in this sense, it fostered democratic change. But it also reinforced a vision of democracy that was limited to "strong publics" (Fraser, 1990), users who were defending a natural site while simultaneously protecting their use of it.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are National Parks Inherently Unequal? The 2006 French Park Reform and its Initial Implementation in Mainland France

Deldrève

Claeys

2016

Desenvolv. Meio Ambiente

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ABSTRACT:In France, like in other parts of the world, environmental-protection policies appear to have taken note of local resistance driven by the eviction of populations and restrictions on their use of certain areas. The amendment to the law on French national parks (2006 reform) as such recognized that local populations can help to protect natural environments, as well as their right to participate in defining the charter (or spatial plan) of new parks. This article analyses the creation and local acceptance of the Calanques National Park, a peri-urban park and the first of a new generation of parks in mainland France. Our approach is based on the analytical framework of environmental effort. Using a qualitative corpus of semi-structured interviews and direct observation, we explore three analytical axes. We begin by analyzing the consultation process conducted during the creation of the park. This points up inequalities in access to the public sphere and underscores that only a few, wellendowed user-organizations truly helped define the "good use" of the Calanques that became a reference in the park's charter. Then we examine how such unequal user participation impacted the wording used in the charter and the distribution of environmental effort demanded of different users. Lastly, the first two observations lead us to question the acceptability of the effort required and its division among users, particularly since the consultation process has been strongly criticized. We question how fairly the effort required by the park's creation was distributed, particularly given the lack of information and limited legitimacy afforded to the consultation process. Finally, we look at the blaming that has taken place amongst different users of the park -a process compounded for many of those interviewed by their fear of being deprived (unjustifiably, they felt) of their freedom to access nature. RESUMO:Na França, como em outras partes do mundo, políticas de proteção ao meio ambiente parecem ter notado a resistência local impulsionada pela expulsão de populações e restrições sobre o uso de determinadas áreas. A alteração na lei sobre parques nacionais franceses (Reforma de 2006) reconheceu que as populações locais podem ajudar a proteger ambientes naturais, bem como o seu direito de participar na definição da escritura (ou plano espacial) de novos parques. Este artigo analisa a criação e a aceitação local do Parque Nacional de Calanques, um parque periurbano e o primeiro de uma nova geração de parques na França continental. A nossa abordagem baseia-se no quadro analítico do esforço ambiental. Usando um corpus qualitativo de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta, exploramos três eixos analíticos. Começamos por analisar o processo de consulta realizado durante a criação do parque. Isto aponta as desigualdades de acesso à esfera pública e ressalta que apenas algumas organizações de usuários dotadas de recursos realmente ajudaram a definir o "bom uso" de Calanques, o que se tornou uma referência na Escritura do ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are National Parks Inherently Unequal? The 2006 French Park Reform and its Initial Implementation in Mainland France

Deldrève

Claeys

2016

Desenvolv. Meio Ambiente

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“…De leur côté, les agriculteurs doivent faire face à un contexte économique plus instable et le rythme d'agrandissement des exploitations s'accélère. La défini-tion d'un bien commun territorial (Lascoumes et Le Bourhis, 1998) est donc un ouvrage à remettre sans cesse…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Protection de l’eau et agriculture : une négociation au long cours

Hellec¹,

Barataud²,

Martin³

2013

Nat. Sci. Soc.

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Résumé -Contrainte par l'Union européenne à renforcer ses mesures de protection des ressources naturelles en eau, la France comporte quelques exemples de réussite en la matière. Ainsi en est-il du cas de Lons-le-Saunier, précurseur en matière de protection préventive de la qualité de l'eau. Notre étude a porté sur le processus de négociation entre les autorités publiques locales et les agriculteurs, analysé sur le temps long, en intégrant les dynamiques professionnelles agricoles. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle central des élus lédoniens qui, tout en ayant choisi la voie de la concertation, mobilisent ponctuellement les outils réglementaires pour contraindre les agriculteurs. L'engagement de ces derniers dans la protection de la ressource s'explique également par les bénéfices matériels et symboliques qu'ils en ont obtenus sur le plan professionnel.Abstract -Water protection and agriculture: a protracted negotiation process. The French State is accused by the European Union of failing to protect its natural water resources. Yet there are many examples of water protection success. Lons-le-Saunier is one such example where the town council implements preventive actions to preserve drinking water quality. Our paper analyses the negotiation process between the town council and the farmers. We conducted a long-term study which integrated the professional dynamics of farmers. Thirty people were interviewed in order to understand their mutual relationships and their own representation of the environmental problem and of the solution adopted. Three more or less conflicting periods were detected. In the first period contracts to alter farming practices were signed between the town council and the farmers. In the second period these contracts were renewed by tacit agreement. The third period was characterized by a growing complexity of regulations and the intervention of an increasing number of state stakeholders. In all, this environmental policy remains original and precursory. Yet, contrary to what is currently reported in the media organic farming does not serve water quality today in this particular area. The role played by the town council must be underlined here. They chose a dialogue approach but sometimes used regulatory tools to oblige farmers to take part in the negotiation. The farmers' commitment to natural resources protection may be explained by the material and symbolic benefits they obtained.

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“…On s'intéresse ici tout particulièrement à deux types d'outils qui s'inscrivent dans une logique d'action procédurale (Lascoumes & Le Bourhis 1998 ;Lascoumes & Le Gales 2007) et sont donc sensés laisser une large place à la définition concertée des normes d'action et offrir un cadre propice au travail politique des différents acteurs. Le premier type correspond à des instruments qui reposent sur des espaces fonctionnels, le second renvoie à des instruments qui sont presque totalement pilotés par des acteurs privés.…”

Section: Les Nouveaux Instruments De L'action Publiqueunclassified

Régulation politique du secteur forestier en France et changement d’échelle de l’action publique

Sergent¹

2010

economierurale

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Le bien commun comme construit territorial. Identités d'action et procédures

Cited by 211 publications

References 3 publications

Are National Parks Inherently Unequal? The 2006 French Park Reform and its Initial Implementation in Mainland France

Are National Parks Inherently Unequal? The 2006 French Park Reform and its Initial Implementation in Mainland France

Protection de l’eau et agriculture : une négociation au long cours

Régulation politique du secteur forestier en France et changement d’échelle de l’action publique

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