Latitudinal variation in cranial dimorphism in <i>Macaca fascicularis</i>

Schillaci, Michael A.

doi:10.1002/ajp.20765

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…If such an association between latitude and sexual dimorphism does exist in Macaca mulatta , it seems that it has less to do with the body size gradient (Pearson's correlation test between body mass and sexual dimorphism: r = 0.28, P = 0.55) than with latitude itself. Thus Rensch's rule is less likely to hold in Macaca mulatta , which is consistent with the conclusions of previous studies on intra‐ specific level dimorphism variation in this species [Blanckenhorn et al, ; Fernandez‐Duque, ; Schillaci, ]. Schillaci et al [] concluded that the intra‐specific dimorphism variation of M. fascicularis in Singapore and Thailand was mainly due to the resource availability at different sites rather than differentiation in male size selection, because the feeding ecologies of their studying populations were very different.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Variation in body mass and morphological characters in Macaca mulatta brevicaudus from Hainan, China

Zhang

Lyu

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate species in the world, with six subspecies distributed through China. From 2012 to 2014, we conducted studies on the body mass and morphological variation of the southernmost subspecies M. m. brevicaudus in Nanwan Nature Reserve for Rhesus Macaque, Hainan, China. We compared measurements with other populations of this species. We also investigated the inter-group body mass variation from seven provisioned free-ranging groups in our study site. Our results show that M. m. brevicaudus has the smallest body size, the smallest body mass, and the shortest tail among rhesus macaque subspecies. Its sexual dimorphism score is also among the lowest, which is similar to other southern distributed subspecies in China, but smaller than northern distributed subspecies. We found that the average body mass of female macaques is not correlated with their dominance ranks. There are significant differences in body mass among the seven adjacent study groups at the same site, suggesting the existence of inter-group competition. Average body mass of a group is better described by a quadratic function of group size than a linear one as predicted by the socio-ecological model. Am. J. Primatol. 78:679-698, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, BMD alone does not suffice to distinguish M. m. brevicaudus from other southern‐ distributed subspecies. Correlations between latitude and sexual dimorphism were noticed in some previous studies [Albrecht, ; Schillaci, ]. In our study, this correlation is not significant (Pearson's correlation test: r = 0.59, P = 0.16).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Variation in body mass and morphological characters in Macaca mulatta brevicaudus from Hainan, China

Zhang

Lyu

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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“…Despite a wealth of studies in other orders, clinal variation in primates and its environmental underpinnings is relatively unstudied, with existing research providing few generalities. For instance, the long‐tailed macaque exhibits a limited Bergmannian size cline but the pig‐tailed macaque does not (Schillaci, ). An east–west rather than Bergmannian trend was found in Geoffroy's tamarin (Natori & Kondo, ) and Brazilian tufted‐eared marmosets (Albrecht, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic variation in the baboon: dissecting the cline

2013

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All species demonstrate intraspecific anatomical variation. While generalisations such as Bergman's and Allen's rules have attempted to explain the geographic structuring of variation with some success, recent work has demonstrated limited support for these in certain Old World monkeys. This study extends this research to the baboon: a species that is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa and exhibits clinal variation across an environmentally disparate range. This study uses trend surface analysis to map the pattern of skull variation in size and shape in order to visualise the main axes of morphological variation. Patterns of shape and sizecontrolled shape are compared to highlight morphological variation that is underpinned by allometry alone. Partial regression is used to dissociate the effects of environmental terms, such as rainfall, temperature and spatial position. The diminutive Kinda baboon is outlying in size, so analyses were carried out with and without this taxon. Skull size variation demonstrates an east-west pattern, with small animals at the two extremes and large animals in Central and Southern Africa. Shape variation demonstrates the same geographical pattern as skull size, with small-sized animals exhibiting classic paedomorphic morphology. However, an additional northsouth axis of variation emerges. After controlling for skull size, the diminutive Kinda baboon is no longer an outlier for size and shape. Also, the east-west component is no longer evident and discriminant function analysis shows an increased misclassification of adjacent taxa previously differentiated by size. This demonstrates the east-west component of shape variation is underpinned by skull size, while the north-south axis is not. The latter axis is explicable in phylogenetic terms: baboons arose in Southern Africa and colonised East and West Africa to the north, diverging in the process, aided by climate-mediated isolating mechanisms. Environmental terms appear poorly correlated with shape variation compared with geography. This might indicate that there is no simple environment-morphology association, but certainly demonstrates that phylogenetic history is an overbearing factor in baboon morphological variation.

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“…5 Previous study indicates that the cranial dimensions can show age-related changes with an increasing pattern from young adulthood (7.0 years) to mid-adulthood (13.3-19.0 years in males and 19.7-22.6 years in females) and then become stagnant from mid-adulthood to very old age (26.9 years or more) or increasing from young adulthood to very old age. 6,8 This study only used young adulthood macaques with the following results: the male CL is significantly greater than female (116.68 vs 102.50; p=0.000); the mean male BZB is significantly greater than the female (79.30 vs 69.70; p=0.001); the mean male CBN is significantly greater than female (63.40 vs 58.79; p=0.019); and the mean male CBL is also significantly greater than that of females (63.32 vs 57.55; p=0.001). Collectively, this shows that cranial dimensions in male Macaca fascicularis is greater than those of its female counterpart, which is similar to human beings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collectively, this shows that cranial dimensions in male Macaca fascicularis is greater than those of its female counterpart, which is similar to human beings. 7,8,11,12 As for maxillofacial bones and skull base structures, a complete maxillofacial primary bones are observed in Macaca fascicularis, i.e. maxillae, mandible, small frontal bone, nasal bone, and zygoma along with complete skull base primary bones consisting of frontal bone, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial Characteristics, Maxillofacial, and Skull Base Structure of Non-Human Primate (Adult Macaca fascicularis): A Preliminary Study for Cranial Craniotomy Model

Bolly

Indah

Faried

et al. 2019

mkb

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The use of non-human primate (NHP) animal models, which anatomical and physiological similarities to human, is important for the sake of learning the anatomical properties. This study aimed to characterize the cranial, maxillofacial, and skull base structures of non-human primates as a potential model suitable for a cranial craniotomy model. Adult Macaca fascicularis (MF) skulls classified asspecificpathogen-free for TB, SIV, SV40, Polio, Foamy virus and Herpes B virus from PT Bio Farma (Persero) Animal Lab. Library were used to represent the anatomical model.The open access database from Mammalian Crania Photographic Archive 2 nd Edition (MCPA2) was used for cranial characterization analysis. This study was performed at the Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and the Animal Laboratory of PT. Biofarma (Persero) from November 2018 to January 2019. The skull base structures were assessed for its analogies with its human counterpart. Comparison by t-student analysis between male and female skulls shows the mean male cranial length (CL) is greater than in female (116.68 vs 102.50 mm), with p=0.000; the mean male bizygomatic width (BZB) is greater than in female (79.30 vs 69.70 mm) with p=0.001; the mean male posterior cranial breadth (CBN) is greater than in female (63.40 vs 58.79 mm) with p=0.019; and the mean male cranial base length (CBL) is greater than in female (63.32 vs 57.55 mm), with p=0.001. The skull of MF is suitable for Neurosurgery and Neuroscience study since the MF cranial characterization and structure are similar to that of human. Its structure is ideal for performing craniotomy since it has several characteristics such as cranial vault, maxillofacial structure with huge temporal muscle, and skull base structure.

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Latitudinal variation in cranial dimorphism in Macaca fascicularis

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Variation in body mass and morphological characters in Macaca mulatta brevicaudus from Hainan, China

Variation in body mass and morphological characters in Macaca mulatta brevicaudus from Hainan, China

Biogeographic variation in the baboon: dissecting the cline

Cranial Characteristics, Maxillofacial, and Skull Base Structure of Non-Human Primate (Adult Macaca fascicularis): A Preliminary Study for Cranial Craniotomy Model

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