Latent profile analysis of COVID-19 fear, depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, and resilience

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to identify latent profiles of COVID-19 fear, depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, and resilience among university students. A total of 506 university undergraduate and graduate students from various universities were recruited through online platforms in Turkey. Data were collected utilizing self-report scales and were analyzed utilizing latent profile analysis. Results indicated significant relationships among COVID-19 fear, depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, and mindfulness. A three-class solution was adapted to fit the current data. Findings revealed that 46% of the participants were classified into the high COVID-19 fear and medium psychological symptoms profile. Also, 38% of the participants were identified as low psychological symptoms and high mindfulness and resilience. Additionally, 16% of the participants were classified as high COVID-19 fear, psychological symptoms and low mindfulness and resilience. Female gender was positively associated with COVID-19 fear, depression, anxiety, and stress. Life satisfaction and social support were positively associated with the mindfulness and resilience, and were negatively related to COVID-19 fear, depression, anxiety, and stress.

Relationship between social support, coping strategy against COVID-19, and anxiety among home-quarantined Chinese university students: A path analysis modeling approach

“…A cross-sectional study of 3454 vocational college students found that perceived social support was negatively correlated with general anxiety as well (Mai et al, 2021 ). Survey from 506 university students in Turkey also justified the negative relationship between social support and quarantine-related anxiety (Yalcin et al, 2021 ). The empirical study conducted in the lockdown in China observed the negative correlation between social support and trait anxiety, and social support was negatively associated with state anxiety (Ao et al, 2020 ).…”

Percepción de los estudiantes universitarios peruanos acerca de las repercusiones académicas generadas por la COVID-19

“…Resultados similares se han evidenciado en otro estudio realizado en estudiantes universitarios, donde más del 70% de mujeres tenían niveles altos de miedo, estrés, ansiedad y depresión frente a las medidas de encierro que tomó el gobierno frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19 (Rodríguez-Hidalgo et al, 2020). De igual manera, un estudio realizado en Turquía (en 506 estudiantes de pregrado) asocia al género femenino positivamente con el miedo frente al estrés frente a la COVID-19 (Yalçın et al, 2021). Entonces queda en evidencia que las mujeres son las que más tendencias al miedo presentan, lo que podría influir en la percepción de las repercusiones académicas que tienen.…”

Resilience and Higher Education Support as Protective Factors for Student Academic Stress and Depression During Covid-19 in the Netherlands

“…Resilience is pivotal to maintaining balance on individual and societal levels and is especially relevant during the Covid-19 pandemic ( 55 ). Covid-19 studies on wellbeing emphasise resilience as mediating the negative outcomes related to Covid-19 stress and fears ( 56 , 57 ). According to the challenge model of resilience ( 58 ), an optimal range of stress exposure exists within which individuals can cultivate resilient response.…”

“…Previous studies indicate a need to focus on differential effects between student subgroups to address gaps in available knowledge ( 7 , 18 , 57 ). As such, the current study included model fit tests for student subgroups.…”

“…Predictive model fit examinations were carried out for all eligible HE students studying in the Netherlands, and model fit was subsequently analysed for four students subgroups: (1) HE students who report low perceived academic stress during the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) HE students who report high perceived academic stress during the Covid-19 pandemic, (3) HE students whose reported levels of depression approaching clinical diagnoses of depression ( 61 ), and (4) HE students whose depressive symptom profiles are below the threshold for clinical depression. Based on available literature ( 57 , 58 ), we expect that higher levels of stress decrease the protective mechanisms provided by resilience and the ability to identify HE support. In addition, we expect that students reporting depressive levels linked to clinical depression will experience a lower protective effect of resilience and HE support.…”