Kinetics of homopolycondensation of furfuryl alcohol

Abstract

The kinetic features of the homopolycondensation of furfuryl alcohol in an aqueous medium in the presence of acids of different strengths have been studied. The second order of the reaction with respect to the monomer has been established. A kinetic scheme of the polycondensation reaction has been proposed, and the activation parameters of the process have been calculated.

Features of the Mechanism of Formation of Crosslinked Furfuryl Polymers

“…The reason for the relatively high formation rate of crosslinked polymers from FAOs in a neutral medium and at moderate temperatures must, in our opinion, be sought in a distinctive feature of their chemical structure. This distinctive feature, as we have established [13][14][15], is the partial linking of the furan rings by dimethylene ester bonds, along with methylene bonds.…”

Levulinic Acid Production Using Solid-Acid Catalysis

“…In an acidic aqueous medium, FA polymerizes to form alternate oligomeric products (Scheme ). − The formation of oligomeric resins in the hydration reaction of FA cause not only low yields, but also generates some operational problems in the process. The oligomeration occurs via a condensation among the hydroxyl group of the methyl group of one furan ring and the hydrogen atom in the fifth position of another furan ring, leading to water elimination and the formation of a methylene linkage .…”

Investigating the Conditions and Mechanism of Formation of Furfuryl-Formaldehyde Oligomers

“…The obtained experimental data, the given reasoning, and the results of earlier experimental research [1,2], in which it was established that dimethylene ether bonds formed during the homopolycondensation of FA do not break down under similar conditions, made it possible to present the structure of FFOs in the following form:…”

“…The second stage -the polycondensation of 2,5-dimethylolfuran between itself and free FA by the following possible schemes: The dimers formed are subsequently condensed into oligomeric products by similar reactions. It must be pointed out that, under similar conditions, FA readily undergoes homopolycondensation [1,2], and consequently, during the heteropolycondensation of FA with FD, it is unnecessary to eliminate the interaction of FA with itself entirely. Here, as shown by data in Table 1, with increase in the molar quantity of FD per mol FA, the proportion of FA taking part in homopolycondensation gradually decreases.…”