Ketidaktercapaian Bonus Demografi: Pembelajaran dari Sumatera Barat

Abstract

AbstrakIndonesia telah memasuki fase bonus demografi sejak tahun 2012 ketika beban ketergantungan penduduk berada di bawah 50 per 100 penduduk produktif. Namun, berdasarkan proyeksi beban ketergantungan penduduk tahun 2010-2035 tidak semua provinsi di Indonesia akan meraih bonus demografi, salah satunya adalah Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Besarnya beban ketergantungan penduduk Sumatera Barat tercermin dari pergeseran struktur umur penduduk yang dipengaruhi oleh dinamika demografi yang berlangsung dari beberapa dekade sebelumnya. Tulisan ini akan menguraikan secara time series berlangsungnya ketiga komponen demografi di Sumatera Barat. Tren mortalitas bayi dan anak mengalami penurunan, bahkan pada 2012 telah mengindikasikan berada di akhir masa transisi demografi. Namun, penurunan mortalitas tersebut tidak diiringi dengan penurunan fertilitas yang signifikan. Tingkat fertilitas yang masih tinggi menjadi penyumbang bertambahnya beban ketergantungan penduduk muda. Kondisi tersebut diperparah dengan angka migrasi neto yang konsisten minus di setiap periode sehingga proporsi penduduk umur produktif tidak mengalami penambahan yang signifikan. Kata kunci: bonus demografi, beban ketergantungan, mortalitas, fertilitas, migrasi AbstractIndonesia has entered a demographic dividend in 2012 since the dependency ratio of population was below 50 per 100 of productive population. However, based on the projection of dependency ratio in 2010-2035, not all provinces in Indonesia will reach the demographic dividend, one of them is West Sumatera Province. The high dependency ratio of West Sumatera is reflected in a shift of population age structure influenced by the demographic dynamics that lasted from the previous few decades. This paper will describe the time series on three demographic components in West Sumatera. Infant and child mortality trends have decreased and in 2012 it was indicated to be at the end of the demographic transition period. However, the decrease in mortality is not accompanied by a significant decline in fertility. The high fertility rate contributes to the rising of dependency ratio to young population. The condition is worsened by net migration rate which is consistently minus in each period, thus the proportion of the productive population does not increase significantly.

Family Planning Services by Mandiri Midwife Practices in Yogyakarta During the Pandemic Period of Covid-19

“…The high fertility rate contributes to the increasing burden of dependency on young people so that the proportion of the productive age population does not experience a significant increase. 22 Efforts to anticipate and prevent the negative impact of baby booms can be made by increasing coverage of postnatal family planning, especially on the use of long-term contraceptive methods such as post placenta IUDs by midwives because generally during this pandemic the number of deliveries in private midwifery practice increased because people were afraid to give birth at the Primary Health Care and Hospital. Besides, midwives can play an active role by providing education information communication and visiting agreements to acceptors through online media to arrange visit schedules at private midwifery practice so that acceptors can still use contraceptive services at private midwifery practice by minimizing contact time, minimizing the risk of transmission by using personal protective equipment and protecting the physical provoked so that there is no build-up of patients while serving at private midwifery practice.…”

The Analysis of the Impact of Working-Age Population on Indonesian Labour

“…they further explain that unemployment aged 15-29 years in Indonesia reached 19.9%. This figure is the highest number among countries in the Asia Pacific region but is still lower than countries in Europe (Wulansari, 2006) (Andriani, Pitoyo, & Pangaribowo, 2018).…”

Faktor Sosial Dan Demografi Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pekerja Lansia Di Indonesia

“…Bonus demografi di Indonesia berbedabeda di setiap provinsi tergantung dari bentuk piramida penduduknya. Bahkan ada provinsi yang tidak akan mengalami bonus demografi yaitu Sumatera Barat (Andriani, Pitoyo, & Pangaribowo, 2018). Bonus demografi di Indonesia merupakan salah satu dampak jangka panjang dari keberhasilan Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) tahun 1980an.…”