Indonesian Lampung Robusta coffee green beans were roasted at eight roasting levels (green bean, early yellow, brown, 1st crack done, very light, light, medium, and dark), followed by grinding and brewing. The physical properties of ground coffee and chemical properties of brewed coffee were analyzed. The resulting data were mapped in order to investigate the critical roasting level. It was observed that major alterations for physicochemical properties of coffee happened after ''first crack'' roasting level (when water activity (Aw) of bean decreased from 0.22 to 0.15). This cracking is defined as popping sound of the bean during roasting. Continuous formation of melanoidins under low Aw (\ 0.15) was followed by slow degradation of chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and total phenolic compounds. Caffeine was stable during roasting, while antioxidant activity slightly decreased. The ''first crack'' was determined to be the critical roasting level to produce roasted coffee beans containing high concentrations of phenolics.

The objective of this study was to separate and identify the bioactive compounds in the Robusta coffee brew. The coffee brew showed significant potential for antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, and antiglycation activities, as well as effectiveness in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Indonesian Lampung Robusta coffee beans were roasted at the first crack level, followed by grinding and brewing. The bioactive compounds of the coffee brew were separated and isolated using the bioassay-guided approach. The isolated compounds were further identified using NMR and LC-MS. The highly bioactive compounds in the coffee brew were highly polar and present in large amounts. Furthermore, the three major compounds with the most potent bioactivities were identified as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA), and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid . This study also demonstrated that caffeine had little influence on the abovementioned bioactivities. These results are important for the isolation of bioactive compounds in coffee brew for further applications of coffee-based functional foods to overcome T2DM.

Egg white lysozyme (EWL) has considerably a wide functional protein exhibiting antibacterial activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. The EWL is widely applied in food industry and is considerably safe. Despite its high potency, EWL of Indonesian poultry has never been studied and exploited. This study was aimed to purify EWL from two Indonesian poultry: kampung chicken and Cihateup duck, and compared to egg of commercial laying hens. The eggs in this study were obtained from field laboratory of Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) and classified in AA quality based on the interior quality. First attempt to purify the EWL was performed by using ethanol precipitation yielding purified EWL which was still contaminated by other proteins, hence designated as partially purified EWL. Final concentrations of partially purified EWL of kampung chicken, commercial laying hens, and Cihateup duck were about 5800, 5400, and 5500 μg/mL, respectively. To confirm whether the use of ethanol in the purification affecting EWL antibacterial activities, the activities were examined against Staphylococcus aureus. It demonstrated that the partially purified EWL exhibited ability to inhibit S. aureus at 6 and 26 h suggesting that the method was feasible as it did not interfere EWL antibacterial activities. Yet, based on SDS-Page, purity was the issue in ethanol precipitation method. Further attempt using ion exchange chromatography at pH 10 successfully purified lysozyme as indicated by a single band corresponding to lysozyme size (~14 kD) free from bands of other proteins. Altogether, a single step of ion exchange chromatography is sufficient and promising to isolate EWL from Indonesian poultry for various industrial purposes.Key words: Indonesian poultry, lysozyme, egg, kampung chicken, Cihateup duck ABSTRAK Lisozim putih telur memiliki fungsi yang luas, salah satunya adalah memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri terutama terhadap bakteri Gram positif. Lisozim dari putih telur �uga banyak diapli-. Lisozim dari putih telur �uga banyak diaplikasikan di industri pangan dan dinyatakan aman untuk pangan. Sampai saat ini lisozim dari putih telur yang berasal dari unggas lokal (Indonesia) belum dipela�ari dan dikembangkan. Tu�uan penelitian ini adalah melakukan purifikasi putih telur dari telur unggas lokal, yaitu ayam kampung dan itik Cihateup dibandingkan dengan telur ayam ras. Sampel telur yang didapatkan dari Laboratorium Lapang Fakultas Peternakan diklasifikasikan pada grade AA berdasarkan kualitas interior. Tahap pertama purifikasi lisozim putih telur dengan presipitasi etanol menghasilkan protein lain selain lisozim (purifikasi parsial). Konsentrasi lisozim putih telur hasil purifikasi parsial telur ayam kampung, ayam ras dan itik Cihateup masing-masing adalah 5800, 5400, dan 5500 ug/mL. Untuk melihat efek penggunaan etanol dalam proses purifikasi terhadap aktivitast antibakteri lisozim, kemampuan daya hambat lisozim terhadap Staphylococcus aureus telah dianalisis. Lisozim putih telur hasil pu...

Covid-19 has been declared a world pandemic by WHO. Large-scale social restrictions and community appeal to stay at home in an effort to oppose Covid-19 transmission will have an impact on the sustainability of public health services, including family planning services. 54,6% of the total family services planned by midwives are conducted at the private midwifery practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze family planning service visits at the private midwifery practice in Yogyakarta. This study used article quantitative descriptive research method. The population in this study is midwives who have private midwifery practice in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The results showed that almost all methods of contraception experienced a decrease in service in the private midwifery practice, but the method of family planning through progestin injection did not decrease. As many as 44,7% of midwives provide family services planned through the post placenta Intrauterine Device (IUD) was a method of contraception that was added as a post partum contraception during the main Covid-19 pandemic. Family service protocols have been implemented in the pandemic era with 19% 78% of midwives, online, and using standard personal protective equipment. There was a decrease in family planning services by midwives in the practice of independent midwives in Yogyakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic by 13,8% (from February to April 2020). By the decline predicted to result in a high chance of a baby boom that gives various impacts on the condition of an area. Midwives are expected to improve family planning services after delivery, especially the IUD, and utilize online media. Other efforts can be made through the BKKBN, namely by encouraging not to become pregnant during the Covid-19 pandemic and the existence of free family planning services so that productive partners can routinely control the use of acceptors.

ABSTRAKDesa Saramaake merupakan salah satu desa di wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Timur yang dikenal dengan hasil tangkapan berupa ikan teri (Stolephorus spp). Di wilayah ini, produksi ikan teri cukup besar dan memiliki ukuran yang bervariasi. Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat telah dilakukan selama 7 bulan sejak Juni 2016Januari 2017, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan diversifikasi produk olahan ikan teri. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan. Sasaran kegiatan merupakan nelayan (15 kelompok atau sekitar 60 orang; dalam rangka penanganan hasil tangkapan) dan istri nelayan (2 kelompok atau sekitar 11 orang; dalam rangka peningkatan nilai tambah atau diversifikasi produk). Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan berupa peningkatan kualitas produk (pembangunan tempat penjemuran ikan teri baru, penataan, dan perbaikan gudang), peningkatan nilai tambah ikan teri (diversifikasi produk teri olahan/teri crispy manis-pedas), pembuatan kemasan, dan pemberian label produk tersebut. Berdasarkan pengamatan, masyarakat telah mendapatkan pengetahuan dan teknologi berkaitan dengan penanganan dan pengolahan hasil perikanan, dan sebagian masyarakat telah menerapkan teknologi pembuatan produk olahan, serta melakukan pengemasan dan pelabelan produk tersebut.Kata kunci: Desa Saramaake, diversifikasi produk, Halmahera Timur, ikan teri, nelayan ABSTRACT Saramaake Village is one of the villages in East Halmahera District known as anchovy (Stolephorus spp) catching area. In this area, production of the anchovy is high and various in size. A community empowerment had been done for 7 months, from June 2016-January 2017, aimed to improve the anchovy product quality and product diversification. Methods used in this activity were training and mentoring. Targets of the activity were fishermen (15 fisherman groups or 60 persons; for fish catch product handling), and fisherman's wife (2 groups or 11 persons; for product diversification). The activities that had been carried out were product quality improvement (fish drying construction, fish storage room rehabilitation), added value improvement (product diversification), packaging and labelling of the product. Based on the observation, the community had gained a knowledge and technology related to the fish handling and processing. Some communities had applied the technology of manufacturing processed products, as well as doing the packaging and labeling of these products.Keywords: anchovy, East Halmahera, product diversification, Saramaake Village PENDAHULUANSumber daya ikan laut secara umum dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 bagian, yaitu sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil, pelagis besar dan demersal. Sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil merupakan salah satu sumber daya perikanan yang berukuran kecil seperti halnya ikan teri